Table 1.
Average FR weight percents (wFR, avg), particle size (dFR, avg), and morphology for various sources and environmental dusts. Standard deviations not calculated for wFR, avg < 1% (EDS single-particle quantitation limit).
| wFR, avg (st. dev.)[%]
|
Br distrib. (region size) | Avg. metal synergist conc. (st dev)[%] | Metal synergist (region size) | dFR, avg (gross morphology) | inorganic matrix elementsc | Typical SEM/BSE Image (80 um wide) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P [%]a | Cl [%]a,b | Br [%] | |||||||
| Source Materials | |||||||||
| Van seat upholstery coating | <1 | 8.6 (2.2) | 10 (2.0) | discrete (1–5 um) | 3.3 (1.1) | Sb (0.1–2 um) | 10–100um (uniform mixture) | salt |
|
| VCR | -- | <1 | 7 (1.9) | continuous | <1 | Bi-Cl (0.1–2 um) | -- (bulk polymer) | Ca, Ti, K |
|
| Television | -- | -- | 15 (1.7) | discrete (<1 um) | 2.9 (0.4) | Sb (0.1–2 um) | -- (bulk polymer) | (Si, Ti, Fe) d |
|
| Computer monitor/CRT | 2.3 (0.9) | <1 | -- | -- | <1 | Sb (0.1–2 um) | -- (bulk polymer) | Ti, K, F |
|
| Car visor covering | -- | 36 (2.4) | -- | -- | <1 | Sb (2–10 um) | -- (bulk polymer) | Ca, Ti |
|
| Van seat PUF | <1 | -- | 7 (1.7) | continuous | -- | -- | -- (porous foam) |
|
|
| Car visor PUF | <1 | 3.3 (0.3) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- (porous foam) | Ca |
|
| FR Particle Types in Environmental Dusts (# observed) | |||||||||
| A (3) | <1 | 1.5 (1.3) | 31 (12) | discrete (1–5 um) | 10.9 (3.0) | Sb (0.1–2 um) | 30–50 um (uniform mixture) | crustal/soil |
|
| B (1) | <1 | 1.7 (1.4) | 6 (8.3) | discrete (1–5 um) | 15.8 (1.0) | Sb (0.1–2 um) | 100 um (uniform mixture) | crustal/soil |
|
| C (8) | -- | -- | 5 (6.4) | discrete (1–5 um) | 1.8 (0.8) | Sb (0.1–2 um) | 40–100 um (smooth, angular fractures) | crustal/soil, Ti |
|
| D (2) | -- | 15 (4.8) | -- | -- | 9.9 (3.7) | Sb (0.1–2 um) | 20 × 900 um (synthetic fiber) | N |
|
| E (2) | -- | -- | 12 (10) | discrete (5–7 um) | 3.1 (1.1) | Sb (0.1–2 um) | 100 um (heterogeneous agglomerate) | crustal/soil, Ti |
|
| F (2) | -- | -- | 3 (4) | discrete (1–2 um) | <1 | Sb (0.1–2 um) | 80–100 um (heterogeneous agglomerate) | crustal/soil, salt, Ca, K |
|
| G (1) | -- | 3.0 (0.1) | 11 (14) | discrete (1–5 um) | 6.1 (0.6) | Sb (0.1–2 um) | 20 um (loosely attached to agglomerate) | crustal/soil |
|
| H (2) | -- | <1 | -- | -- | 5.6 (2.1) | clusters of Sb (0.1–2 um) | 10–20 um (loosely attached to agglomerate) | crustal/soil, Ti |
|
| I (3) | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1.8 (1.8) | single attached Sb (1–2 um) | 20–30 um (heterogeneous agglomerate) | crustal/soil, Ca, K |
|
a
continuous distribution in matrix; homogeneously mixed
b
Cl weight percent in excess of 1:1.5 Na:Cl ratio
c
crustal/soil elements = Al, Si, K, Fe, Mg, S, Na, Cl; specific elements denoted when in excess of 95%CI of crustal/soil avg Si ratio
d
outer surface of front case only