Figure 2.

PGC-1α is a critical contributor to the antioxidant capacity of FS PVIs. The high energy demand of FS PVIs makes them vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. PGC-1α, a master regulator of transcriptional programs involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant defense, is highly concentrated in PVIs. In concert with other proteins, PGC-1α increases the transcription of antioxidant enzymes and PV. Transcription of PGC-1α itself is intracellular Ca²⁺ influx-dependent and can be regulated by epigenetic modifications.