Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increases migration and invasion of chondrosarcoma cells. (A and B) In vitro cell migration, invasion, and BDNF expression of primary chondrocytes, JJ012, and SW1353 cells were measured using a Transwell assay and western blotting; (C and D) In vitro cell migration, invasion, and BDNF expression of JJ012 and JJ012(S3) cells were measured using the Transwell assay and western blotting; (E) Cells were incubated with BDNF (30–100 ng/mL), and in vitro migration was measured with the Transwell assay after 24 h. Results are expressed as the mean ± S.E. *p < 0.05 compared with control; #p < 0.05 compared with the BDNF-treated group.