Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is involved in BDNF-induced migration and MMP-1 expression. (A–E) Cells were pretreated for 30 min with thioredoxin (200 ng/mL) or were transfected with ASK1 shRNA for 24 h followed by stimulation with BDNF (50 ng/mL), and in vitro migration and invasion or MMP-1 expression was measured by Transwell, qPCR, ELISA, and western blotting; (F) JJ012 cells were incubated with BDNF (50 ng/mL) for the indicated time intervals, and ASK1 phosphorylation was examined by western blotting; (G) JJ012 cells were incubated with BDNF (50 ng/mL) for the indicated time intervals, and were then immunoprecipitated (IP) with anti-ASK1. The IP complexes were subjected to immunoblotting (IB) with anti-14-3-3; (H) JJ012 cells were pretreated for 30 min with K252a for 30 min followed by stimulation with BDNF (50 ng/mL) for 10 min, and ASK1 phosphorylation was determined by western blotting. Results are expressed as the mean ± S.E. *p < 0.05 compared with control; #p < 0.05 compared with the BDNF-treated group.