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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 20.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2013 Jun 20;153(7):1461–1474. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.037

Figure 7. VCP is recruited to stress granules and disease-causing mutations in VCP induce constitutive stress granules that contain the disease protein TDP-43.

Figure 7

A.) HeLa cells stained for endogenous VCP and the stress granule marker eIF4G. VCP is recruited to stress granules induced by three distinct stimuli: heat shock at 43°C for 2hrs, incubation with 20μM clotrimazole for 1hr, or incubation with 0.6M sorbitol for 1hr. Scale bar equal 10μm. B.) HeLa cells transfected with plasmid expressing wild type or mutant (A232 and R155H) VCP-GFP and stained for eIF3b and TDP-43. Over-expression of mutant but not wild type VCP results in the formation of constitutive stress granules that contain the disease protein TDP-43. Scale bar equals 10μm.