Table 4.
Studies 1 and 2: Full Autoregressive Latent Trajectory Model Fit Statistics and Standardized Cross-Lagged Parameter Estimates (Q2: What Is the Direction of Effect Between Language Ability and Behavior Problems?)
| Model fit |
Lang → BP |
BP → Lang |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP | Rater | Study | RMSEA | CFI | χ2 | df | SE | p | β | SE | p | |||
| I-H | Teacher | 1 | .025 | 0.992 | 94.77 | 70 | −0.06 | 0.02 | <.001 | −0.04 | 0.02 | .030 | ||
| I-H | Mother | 1 | .021 | 0.996 | 87.13 | 70 | −0.07 | 0.01 | <.001 | −0.01 | 0.02 | .671 | ||
| I-H | Mother | 2 | .013 | 0.995 | 71.71 | 26 | −0.03 | 0.01 | <.001 | 0.00 | 0.01 | .771 | ||
| EXT | Teacher | 1 | .017 | 0.996 | 80.60 | 70 | −0.04 | 0.01 | .005 | −0.01 | 0.02 | .456 | ||
| EXT | Mother | 1 | .008 | 0.999 | 72.52 | 70 | −0.07 | 0.02 | <.001 | −0.03 | 0.02 | .138 | ||
| EXT | Mother | 2 | .013 | 0.996 | 67.85 | 26 | −0.03 | 0.01 | <.001 | 0.00 | 0.01 | .966 | ||
Note. Parameters where p < .05 in bold. BP = behavior problems; CFI = comparative fit index; EXT = externalizing problems; I-H = inattentivehyperactive problems; Lang = language ability; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation.