Table 1.
Demographics, resting values, and follow-up events.
| n (%) or mean ± SD | NL | TEST | HYP | CAD | DC | DCM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 91 | 162 | 85 | 229 | 102 | 222 |
| Age (years) | 56 ± 15 | 62 ± 12 | 66 ± 11 | 66 ± 10 | 67 ± 9 | 61 ± 12* |
| Males | 52 (57) | 73 (45) | 47 (55) | 173 (76) | 87 (85) | 161 (73)χ |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.84 ± 0.19 | 1.81 ± 0.18 | 1.84 ± 0.20 | 1.87 ± 0.19 | 1.82 ± 0.185 | 1.85 ± .20 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | — (0) | — (0) | — (0) | 111 (49) | 102 (100) | — (0)χ |
| Beta blockers on | — (0) | 53 (33) | 42 (49) | 119 (52) | 54 (53) | 133 (60)χ |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on | — (0) | 36 (22) | 45 (53) | 87 (38) | 82 (80) | 183 (82) |
| Calcium blockers on | — (0) | 31 (19) | 23 (27) | 55 (24) | 2 (2) | 7 (3)χ |
| Wall motion score index | 1 ± 0 | 1.03 ± 0.15 | 1.06 ± 0.23 | 1.17 ± 0.3 | 2.26 ± 0.37 | 2.23 ± 0.34* |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 60 ± 6 | 60 ± 8 | 58 ± 7 | 58 ± 9 | 28 ± 7 | 28 ± 9* |
| E LVI/E aI (ratio) | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.2* |
| E LVI (mmHg · mL−1 · m−2) | 7.1 ± 2.4 | 7 ± 3.6 | 6.3 ± 2.8 | 6.2 ± 3 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 1* |
| E aI (mmHg · mL−1 · m−2) | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 4.2 ± 1.4 | 5.4 ± 3.8* |
| SWI (mmHg · mL · m−2) | 3,248 ± 1,020 | 3,626 ± 1,187 | 4,456 ± 1,473 | 3,819 ± 1,254 | 2,817 ± 942 | 2,861 ± 1,437* |
| PVA (mmHg · mL · m−2) | 4,306 ± 1,276 | 4,845 ± 1,483 | 6,052 ± 1,858 | 5,275 ± 1,722 | 6,493 ± 2,147 | 6,414 ± 2,737* |
| LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | 18 ± 5 | 20 ± 8 | 24 ± 9 | 24 ± 10 | 71 ± 26 | 67 ± 30* |
| Stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 28 ± 7 | 30 ± 9 | 34 ± 10 | 31 ± 9 | 27 ± 8 | 27 ± 12* |
| LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 46 ± 11 | 50 ± 14 | 58 ± 17 | 54 ± 16 | 99 ± 31 | 94 ± 38* |
| End-systolic pressure (mmHg) | 117 ± 17 | 121 ± 19 | 133 ± 19 | 123 ± 18 | 104 ± 18 | 107 ± 19* |
| Heart rate at rest (bpm) | 70 ± 13 | 70 ± 13 | 71 ± 14 | 69 ± 12 | 73 ± 14 | 76 ± 16* |
| Cardiac index (L · min · m−2) | 1.933 ± 560 | 2.089 ± 624 | 2.364 ± 735 | 2.052 ± 659 | 1.991 ± 743 | 1.971 ± 989* |
| SVR (dyn · s−1 · cm−5) | 2,205 ± 698 | 2,151 ± 816 | 2,063 ± 712 | 2,130 ± 750 | 2,129 ± 825 | 2,390 ± 1424 |
| Follow-up events, n (%) | — (0) | 7 (4) | — (0) | 12 (5) | 30 (29) | 85 (38)χ |
| Death | — (0) | 4 (3) | — (0) | 2 (1) | 8 (8) | 36 (16)χ |
| Heart failure | — (0) | 3 (2) | — (0) | 10 (4) | 22 (22) | 49 (22)χ |
*P < 0.01 between groups (ANOVA); χchi square P < 0.01 between groups.
CAD: coronary artery disease; CI: cardiac index; DC: dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy; DCM: idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; E aI: arterial elastance index; E LVI: LV end-systolic elastance index; E LVI/E aI: ventricular-arterial coupling ratio; HYP: hypertensives; NLs: normals; PVA: pressure-volume area; SVR: systemic vascular resistance; and TEST: diagnostic tests.