Table 1.
Morphological and molecular characteristics of the different clathrin-independent endocytic pathways operating in mammalian cells.
| Endocytosis pathway | Morphology | Protein partners | Cargo proteins | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dynamin dependent | Caveolae | Vesicular | Caveolin-1, -2, -3, cavin-1, -2, -3, -4, Src, PKC, actin | Cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, AMF, lactosylceramide, CTxB, SV40, albumin |
| IL2-R | Vesicular | RhoA, Rac1, PAK1, PAK2, cortactin, N-WASP, actin | IL2-Rß, γc chain, Clostridium toxin, AMF | |
| Dynamin independent | CLIC-GEEC | Tubular, crescent-like | Cdc42, Arf1, GRAF1, actin | GPI-anchored proteins, fluid-phase uptake markers |
| Arf6 | Vesicular | Arf6, actin | CD59, MHCI, carboxypeptidase E, β-integrins, E-cadherin | |
| Flotillins | Vesicular | Flotillin-1,-2, actin | GPI-anchored proteins, cholera toxin B subunit | |
| Toxins | Tubular | Actin | Shiga toxin B subunit, cholera toxin B subunit, SV40, galectins |