Table 4.
Correlations between the outcome indicators and control variables
| Female gender | General Cognitive ability | Kinship Foster care | Latino ethnicity | Head Start time | Daycare time | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. T1 DIBELS: Initial Sound Fluency | .03 | .24 | −.01 | −.08 | .05 | .01 |
| 2. T1 DIBELS: Letter Naming Fluency | .12 | .37*** | .14 | −.18 | .07 | .08 |
| 3. T1 Concepts About Print Test | −.03 | .46*** | −.08 | −.10 | .16 | .03 |
| 4. T1 Caregiver Rating of Prereading Skills | .14 | .37*** | .17 | −.09 | .16 | −.02 |
| 5. T2 DIBELS: Initial Sound Fluency | .12 | .24 | .00 | −.03 | −.08 | .02 |
| 6. T2 DIBELS: Letter Naming Fluency | .19 | .32*** | .08 | −.12 | .01 | .10 |
| 7. T2 Concepts About Print Test | .09 | .42*** | −.02 | −.13 | .04 | .12 |
| 8. T2 Caregiver Rating of Prereading Skills | .09 | .35*** | .09 | −.02 | .23 | .08 |
| 9. T1 Preschool PIPPS Score | .24 | .17 | .24 | .09 | .20 | .04 |
| 10. T1 CBCL Social Competence | .04 | −.01 | −.01 | .07 | .17 | −.01 |
| 11. T1 Emotion Understanding | .08 | .39*** | .10 | −.08 | .06 | .14 |
| 12. T2 Preschool PIPPS Score | .11 | .17 | .26 | .11 | .15 | −.01 |
| 13. T2 CBCL Social Competence | −.01 | −.02 | .09 | .22 | .10 | −.03 |
| 14. T2 Emotion Understanding | .10 | .41*** | .20 | −.07 | .12 | .19 |
| 15. T1 Inhibitory Control | .26*** | .22 | .13 | .17 | .06 | −.06 |
| 16. T1 Behavioral Regulation | .19 | .03 | .17 | .18 | .01 | −.04 |
| 17. T1 Emotional Regulation | .13 | .07 | .10 | .17 | −.06 | −.02 |
| 18. T2 Inhibitory Control | .30*** | .21 | .18 | .02 | .03 | −.07 |
| 19. T2 Behavioral Regulation | .21 | −.08 | .21 | .18 | .04 | −.20 |
| 20. T2 Emotional Regulation | .06 | .09 | .23 | .10 | .00 | −.11 |
Note. T1 = Time 1; T2 = Time 2; DIBELS = Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills; PIPPS = Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale; CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist.
***
p < .001 (two-tailed).