Table 3.

Associations between the Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005) and pancreatic cancer risk among 537 218 participants in the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study*

HEI-2005	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	P trend§	Continuous†
Total case subjects, No.	539	496	454	437	457
Energy and sex-adjusted HR (95% CI)	1.00	0.88 (0.78 to 0.99)	0.79 (0.69 to 0.89)	0.74 (0.66 to 0.85)	0.75 (0.66 to 0.86)	<.001	0.84 (0.79 to 0.89)
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)‡,§¶	1.00	0.94 (0.83 to 1.06)	0.87 (0.76 to 0.98)	0.83 (0.73 to 0.95)	0.85 (0.74 to 0.97)	.003	0.90 (0.85 to 0.95)
Male case subjects, No.	356	317	299	275	298
Energy adjusted HR (95% CI)	1.00	0.85 (0.73 to 0.99)	0.78 (0.67 to 0.91)	0.71 (0.60 to 0.83)	0.74 (0.63 to 0.87)	<.001	0.85 (0.79 to 0.91)
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)§¶	1.00	0.91 (0.78 to 1.06)	0.86 (0.73 to 1.00)	0.79 (0.67 to 0.93)	0.83 (0.70 to 0.98)	.008	0.91 (0.84 to 0.98)
Female case subjects, No.	183	179	155	162	159
Energy adjusted HR (95% CI)	1.00	0.93 (0.76 to 1.14)	0.79 (0.64 to 0.98)	0.82 (0.66 to 1.01)	0.78 (0.63 to 0.96)	.009	0.86 (0.78 to 0.95)
Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)§¶	1.00	0.99 (0.80 to 1.22)	0.87 (0.70 to 1.08)	0.91 (0.73 to 1.13)	0.87 (0.70 to 1.09)	.16	0.92 (0.83 to 1.02)

* Q5 is the highest quintile of scores meeting the most dietary guideline recommendations. CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio.

† Continuous measure is scaled by the interquartile range of the total HEI-2005 score.

‡ P _interaction by sex = .69.

§ P values (two-sided) for trend and interaction were calculated using the Wald test.

¶ Multivariable models are adjusted for daily caloric intake, sex (where appropriate), diabetes (yes/no), body mass index (15 to <18.5, 18.5 to <25, 25 to <30, 30 to ≤50kg/m², missing) and smoking status (categories describing never, ever, current, and dose).