Table 2. Baseline characteristics of type 2 patients by serum magnesium category.
Data are percentages, mean±SD, geometric mean (SD range) or median [inter-quartile range].
| Normomagnesemia | Hypomagnesemia | P-value | |
| Number (%) | 761 (81) | 179 (19) | |
| Serum magnesium (mmol/L) | 0.87±0.12 | 0.58±0.09 | |
| Fractional excretion urinary magnesium (%) | 1.9 (1.0–3.8) | 2.7 (1.4–5.3) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 63.2±11.5 | 64.2±12.1 | 0.29 |
| Sex (% male) | 48.6 | 50.8 | 0.62 |
| Ethnic background (% Anglo-Celt) | 62.0 | 65.4 | 0.60 |
| Smoking status (% Never/Ex/Current) | 44.6/41.1/14.3 | 45.3/39.7/15.1 | 0.92 |
| Any exercise in past two weeks (%) | 75.0 | 61.5 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption (standard drinks/day) | 0.0 [0.0–0.4] | 0.0 [0.0–0.8] | 0.50 |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis (years) | 58.5±11.8 | 58.3±12.8 | 0.85 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 3.0 [0.8–6.0] | 4.8 [1.0–8.0] | 0.010 |
| Diabetes treatment (%) | |||
| Diet | 40.9 | 21.8 | <0.001 |
| Metformin only | 16.0 | 14.5 | |
| Sulfonylurea only | 28.9 | 21.2 | |
| Metformin plus sulfonylurea | 14.2 | 42.5 | |
| Fasting serum glucose (mmol/L) | 8.1 [6.7–10.3] | 8.9 [7.2–11.1] | 0.003 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.2 [6.3–8.5] | 7.5 [6.6–8.9] | 0.019 |
| Fasting serum insulin (pmol/L) | 75.3 (38.9–146.9) | 76.0 (38.1–151.5) | 0.88 |
| Beta cell function (HOMA2B; % normal) | 45.2 (22.4–91.4) | 40.2 (18.7–86.1) | 0.05 |
| Insulin sensitivity (HOMA2S; % normal) | 62.9 (32.4–122.1) | 60.6 (30.2–121.3) | 0.50 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (%): | 29.4±5.4 | 30.2±5.2 | 0.07 |
| Waist circumference (cm): | |||
| Men | 102.2±11.3 | 105.1±12.8 | 0.050 |
| Women | 96.2±13.0 | 98.4±12.5 | 0.16 |
| Waist:hip ratio: | |||
| Men | 0.95±0.05 | 0.96±0.06 | 0.21 |
| Women | 0.86±0.06 | 0.88±0.07 | 0.015 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 149±23 | 153±23 | 0.033 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80±11 | 83±12 | 0.002 |
| Taking antihypertensive medication (%) | 49.0 | 57.5 | 0.046 |
| ACE-inhibitor | 20.9 | 19.6 | 0.76 |
| Beta-blocker | 16.3 | 17.9 | 0.66 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 20.6 | 19.6 | 0.84 |
| Diuretic | 19.3 | 28.5 | 0.008 |
| Total serum cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.5±1.1 | 5.4±1.1 | 0.08 |
| Serum HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.05±0.32 | 1.03±0.31 | 0.57 |
| Serum LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.5±0.9 | 3.4±0.9 | 0.10 |
| Serum triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.9 (1.1–3.3) | 2.0 (1.1–3.5) | 0.53 |
| Taking lipid-lowering medication (%) | 10.8 | 9.0 | 0.59 |
| Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 92±64 | 89±43 | 0.48 |
| Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) | 2.6 (0.7–10.6) | 3.8 (0.8–17.3) | 0.004 |
| Peripheral sensory neuropathy (%) | 26.9 | 33.7 | 0.09 |
| Any retinopathy (%) | 11.1 | 14.0 | 0.29 |
| Coronary heart disease (%) | 26.7 | 29.6 | 0.46 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 8.9 | 10.1 | 0.67 |
| Peripheral arterial disease (%) | 28.2 | 22.0 | 0.11 |
| Proton pump inhibitor use (%) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.00 |
| Gastrointestinal problems (%) | 2.6 | 1.7 | 0.60 |
Data are percentages, mean±SD, geometric mean (SD range) or median [inter-quartile range].