Table 2.

Results of Trivariate Probit Model of Participation, Completion, and Improvement

	Participation		Completion		Improvement
	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE
Intercept	−5.93**	0.39	0.55	0.90	3.20**	0.96
Individual
Male	0.07**	0.03	0.17*	0.08	−0.05	0.10
Gender missing	1.59**	0.09	0.10	0.18	−0.54*	0.23
African-American	−0.08	0.09	−0.47	0.28	−0.06	0.39
American Indian	−0.17**	0.06	0.21	0.19	−0.03	0.19
Latino	0.13**	0.04	0.15	0.12	0.17	0.11
Other or Mixed	−0.61**	0.05	0.01	0.17	−0.04	0.20
Race missing	0.83**	0.05	−0.53**	0.14	−0.06	0.19
Age 10-11	0.70**	0.08	0.56†	0.30	−0.13	0.38
Age 12	0.75**	0.08	0.56†	0.31	−0.22	0.38
Age 13	0.53**	0.08	0.45	0.31	−0.29	0.38
Age 14	0.75**	0.09	0.46	0.31	−0.52	0.40
Age 15	−0.09	0.09	0.12	0.34	−0.69	0.45
Reinforcementa	0.25**	0.03	−0.09	0.09	−0.18†	0.10
Involvementa	−0.35**	0.02	0.11	0.09	−0.10	0.10
Attachmenta			−0.01	0.07	−0.10	0.08
Family Conflictab			0.02	0.05	−0.11†	0.06
Family Managementab			0.21*	0.03	−0.12	0.12
Community
Number of Programs	0.08**	0.00
Perceived Availability of Drugs	2.22**	0.22
Unemployment Rate cohort)	−0.08**	0.01
Median Income	−0.14**	0.02
Program
Family Management Average			−0.48*	0.24	−0.29	0.25
Family Management SD			−0.45	0.34	−0.33	0.36
ρ12 (Participation-Completion)			−0.05	0.08
ρ13 (Participation-Improvement)					−0.10	0.09
ρ23 (Completion-Improvement)					0.59*	0.23

^*Note: = p < .05;

^**= p < .01;

^†= p < .10.

^aReinforcement = Positive Reinforcement for Prosocial Behavior; Involvement = Opportunities for Prosocial Behavior; Attachment = Attachment to Parents/Caregivers; Family Management = Poor Family Management.

^bPoor Family Management and Family Conflict risk factors are reverse scored so that higher scores indicate better family management practices. County dummies for 19 counties were included in the Completion model but are not presented here. Community-level variables were calculated by cohort (2004-2006 and 2006-2008) and by county.