Figure 2.

Behavioral results. A, Behavioral results measured the proportion of old responses to old items, or hits, and old responses to new items, or false alarms. B, Both the hit rate and false-alarm rate were significantly greater for fluent than control trials. Thus, fluency increased old responding for both old and new trials, without affecting accuracy, measured as hits − false alarms. C, The three confidence levels each for old and new response trials were used to construct a “perceived oldness” scale that ranged from 1 (high-confidence “new”) to 6 (high-confidence “old). Fluency increased oldness ratings equivalently for both old and new words. Error bars indicate standard error. *p < 0.05.