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. 2013 Sep 4;4:345. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00345

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Copyright © 2013 Vasco, Moran and Ambrose.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Examples of the diversity of size and shape in fern leaves. (A) Pteris aspercaulis, enlarged basal pinnules on basiscopic side of basal pinnae. (B) Adiantum lunatum, 1-pinnate. (C) Adiantum pedatum, pedate. (D) Adiantopsis radiata, digitate pinnae. (E) Pyrrosia polydactyla, palmately lobed. (F) Actiniopteris semiflabellata, incised leaf. (G) Trachypteris pinnata, holodimorphic, with rosette of sterile leaves and erect fertile ones. (H) Salvinia molesta, root-like (lower) leaf is submerged and bears sori, the two round ones are floating. (I) Pteris ensiformis, holodimorphic, fertile leaf at left. (J) Lemmaphyllum microphyllum, holodimorphic, longer leaf is fertile. (K) Davallia heterophylla, holodimorphic, fertile leaf at left. (L) Olfersia cervina, holodimorphic, fertile leaf at right. (M) Belvisia mucronata, hemidimorphic, with caudate fertile apex. (N) Anemia adiantifolia, hemidimorphic, with two basal pinnae fertile and long-stalked. (O) Osmunda regalis, hemidimorphic, with fertile pinnae at apex. (P) Pellaea cordifolia, decompound. (Q) Gymnocarpium robertianum, ternate. (R) Adiantum raddianum, decompound. (S) Astrolepis sinuata, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid. (T) Polystichum tripteron, enlarged basal pinnae. (U) Hemionitis ariifolia, hastate at left, deltate at right (from same plant). (V) Vittaria lineata, linear leaves (shoe-string fern). (W) Cystopteris bulbifera, long-attenuate apex. (X) Drynaria quercifolia, debris-collecting leaf at right. (Y) Aglaomorpha meyeniana, hemidimorphic, with narrow distal pinnae fertile and base expanded for collecting fallen organic debris. (Z) Cyrtomium macrophyllum, 1-pinnate. (ZZ) Elaphoglossum crinitum, simple, entire.