Fig. 2.

Effect of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on mitochondrial bioenergetics. WT β-cells (A) or INS-1 cells (B) were seeded at 60,000 cells/well in 24-well Seahorse plates. The following day, cells were treated with 1 μM thapsigargin (Thaps), an ER stress inducer, for 6 h prior to the medium being replaced with low-buffered DMEM and with or without 1 μM Thaps for 1 h at 37°C prior to basal OCR and the effects of the mitochondrial inhibitors O, F, and A being measured. Results are means ± SE; n = 4–5/group. *P < 0.05 compared with WT β-cells or INS-1 cells.