Table 2.
Assessment of diagnostic accuracy and heterogeneity in subgroup analysis
| Sub groups | No. of studies | Pooled sensitivity (95% CI)/% | Pooled specificity (95% CI)/% | Pooled positive LR (95% CI) | Pooled negative LR (95% CI) | Pooled DOR (95% CI) | I2 (%) DOR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All studies | 9 | 61 (55–67) | 79 (75–83) | 3.5 (2.0–6.1) | 0.46 (0.31–0.68) | 10.9 (4.2–28.3) | 74 |
| Era | |||||||
| Early (2002–2008) | 4 | 70 (59–80) | 85 (78–90) | 8.8 (2.0–38.2) | 0.37 (0.26–0.54) | 26.6(7.3–97.4) | 40 |
| Late (2009–2011) | 5 | 57 (49–64) | 75 (69–81) | 2.6 (1.4–4.9) | 0.58 (0.37–0.91) | 5.9 (1.8–19.4) | 78 |
| Quality assessment | |||||||
| Low | 5 | 54 (44–65) | 81 (74–87) | 5.0 (1.3–18.8) | 0.47 (0.25–0.91) | 14.1 (1.7–117.4) | 85 |
| High | 4 | 65 (57–72) | 78(71–83) | 2.9(1.7–4.9) | 0.42(0.24–0.73) | 8.7(5.0–15.1) | 0 |
| Gold standard | |||||||
| Non-PHES | 5 | 58(50–66) | 84(78–90) | 4.9(1.7–14.3) | 0.53(0.35–0.79) | 8.8 (4.4–17.6) | 5 |
| PHES | 4 | 67 (57–76) | 75 (68–81) | 3.3 (1.4–8.0) | 0.31 (0.10–1.00) | 11.7 (1.8–74.5) | 88 |
| Location | |||||||
| Non-Europe | 5 | 54 (46–62) | 76 (70–82) | 2.4 (1.2–4.6) | 0.63 (0.44–0.91) | 5.1 (1.6–15.9) | 72 |
| Europe | 4 | 75 (65–83) | 83 (76–89) | 6.3 (2.3–17.2) | 0.29 (0.16–0.51) | 27.3 (8.2–91.2) | 45 |
| No. of patients | |||||||
| <50 | 4 | 65 (51–77) | 93 (86–97) | 8.1 (3.8–17.1) | 0.32 (0.10–1.08) | 32.5 (9.3–113.3) | 17 |
| ≥50 | 5 | 60 (53–67) | 75 (69–80) | 2.4 (1.4–4.0) | 0.51 (0.32–0.80) | 6.0 (2.1–17.2) | 77 |
| Cut-off | |||||||
| ≤38 | 6 | 57 (49–64) | 80 (75–85) | 4.0 (1.9–8.5) | 0.44 (0.25–0.75) | 12.0 (3.1–45.6) | 82 |
| ≥39 | 3 | 69(59–78) | 76(66–84) | 4.1(0.8–20.6) | 0.48(0.21–1.06) | 9.1 (3.2–25.6) | 15 |
| Aetiology of MHE | |||||||
| Bypass | 2 | 39 (20–59) | 97(87–100) | 8.2 (1.1–59.8) | 0.63 (0.29–1.37) | 13.9 (1.0–186.4) | 46 |
| Cirrhosis | 7 | 64 (57–70) | 77 (72–81) | 3.2 (1.9–5.6) | 0.40 (0.25–0.67) | 10.6 (3.7–30.5) | 79 |