Table 2.
Concentration of individual and sum of FA groups (g/dl) between 6 h and 42 days of lactation
| Day | 0.25 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35 | 42 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 2.986 | 2.220 | 1.693 | 1.911 | 2.500 | 2.699 | 2.642 | 2.860 | 2.577 | 2.670 | 3.041 | 3.249 | 3.339 | 3.915 | 3.483 | <0.01 |
| C4 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | <0.01 |
| C6 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | <0.01 |
| C8 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.010 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.010 | <0.01 |
| C10 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.012 | 0.017 | 0.017 | 0.025 | 0.035 | 0.042 | 0.042 | 0.052 | 0.041 | <0.01 |
| C12 | 0.079 | 0.059 | 0.047 | 0.049 | 0.064 | 0.092 | 0.106 | 0.131 | 0.118 | 0.144 | 0.164 | 0.177 | 0.189 | 0.209 | 0.162 | <0.01 |
| C14 | 0.158 | 0.119 | 0.094 | 0.098 | 0.127 | 0.154 | 0.168 | 0.187 | 0.156 | 0.157 | 0.164 | 0.180 | 0.176 | 0.201 | 0.175 | <0.01 |
| C15 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.007 | 0.011 | 0.011 | <0.01 |
| ∑DNS | 0.256 | 0.189 | 0.150 | 0.155 | 0.202 | 0.263 | 0.296 | 0.348 | 0.302 | 0.339 | 0.382 | 0.422 | 0.428 | 0.490 | 0.403 | <0.01 |
| C16 | 0.674 | 0.481 | 0.363 | 0.428 | 0.544 | 0.546 | 0.498 | 0.556 | 0.486 | 0.532 | 0.568 | 0.564 | 0.584 | 0.655 | 0.637 | <0.01 |
| C18:0 | 0.205 | 0.153 | 0.120 | 0.116 | 0.139 | 0.155 | 0.152 | 0.168 | 0.135 | 0.158 | 0.172 | 0.204 | 0.175 | 0.250 | 0.235 | <0.01 |
| C20:0 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.004 | <0.01 |
| C22:0 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.002 | <0.01 |
| C24:0 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | <0.01 |
| ∑SAT | 1.152 | 0.833 | 0.640 | 0.707 | 0.894 | 0.973 | 0.954 | 1.079 | 0.929 | 1.034 | 1.128 | 1.195 | 1.192 | 1.403 | 1.282 | <0.01 |
| C16:1 | 0.067 | 0.047 | 0.037 | 0.035 | 0.057 | 0.060 | 0.072 | 0.074 | 0.069 | 0.073 | 0.081 | 0.094 | 0.085 | 0.114 | 0.117 | <0.01 |
| C18:1 | 0.955 | 0.757 | 0.572 | 0.688 | 0.895 | 0.958 | 0.922 | 0.988 | 0.921 | 0.927 | 1.086 | 1.161 | 1.257 | 1.430 | 1.244 | <0.01 |
| C20:1 | 0.071 | 0.046 | 0.036 | 0.031 | 0.043 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.033 | 0.031 | 0.040 | 0.034 | 0.026 | 0.043 | 0.037 | <0.01 |
| C24:1 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | <0.01 |
| ∑MUFA | 1.097 | 0.852 | 0.646 | 0.756 | 0.998 | 1.065 | 1.040 | 1.105 | 1.025 | 1.032 | 1.208 | 1.289 | 1.369 | 1.588 | 1.398 | <0.01 |
| C18:3 (n-3) | 0.019 | 0.014 | 0.011 | 0.012 | 0.017 | 0.021 | 0.021 | 0.025 | 0.023 | 0.020 | 0.026 | 0.031 | 0.033 | 0.039 | 0.031 | <0.01 |
| C20:5 (n-3) | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.005 | <0.01 |
| C22:5 (n-3) | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.006 | <0.01 |
| C22:6 (n-3) | 0.014 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.013 | 0.012 | 0.015 | 0.011 | 0.012 | 0.009 | 0.015 | 0.013 | 0.011 | 0.016 | 0.010 | <0.01 |
| ∑n-3 PUFA | 0.047 | 0.029 | 0.023 | 0.022 | 0.041 | 0.045 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.046 | 0.037 | 0.054 | 0.056 | 0.054 | 0.070 | 0.052 | <0.01 |
| C18:2 (n-6) | 0.478 | 0.376 | 0.285 | 0.337 | 0.440 | 0.478 | 0.467 | 0.500 | 0.464 | 0.467 | 0.545 | 0.592 | 0.626 | 0.719 | 0.642 | <0.01 |
| C18:3 (n-6) | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.004 | <0.01 |
| C20:2 (n-6) | 0.069 | 0.044 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 0.041 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.036 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.027 | 0.021 | 0.031 | 0.023 | <0.01 |
| C20:3 (n-6) | 0.056 | 0.035 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.032 | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.029 | 0.028 | 0.030 | 0.033 | 0.030 | 0.040 | 0.032 | <0.01 |
| C20:4 (n-6) | 0.069 | 0.042 | 0.032 | 0.029 | 0.045 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.047 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.047 | 0.050 | 0.041 | 0.057 | 0.046 | <0.01 |
| C22:4 (n-6) | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.003 | <0.01 |
| ∑n-6 PUFA | 0.690 | 0.505 | 0.385 | 0.426 | 0.568 | 0.615 | 0.601 | 0.631 | 0.577 | 0.566 | 0.651 | 0.709 | 0.725 | 0.855 | 0.751 | <0.01 |
| ∑PUFA | 0.737 | 0.535 | 0.407 | 0.448 | 0.609 | 0.660 | 0.649 | 0.676 | 0.624 | 0.604 | 0.705 | 0.765 | 0.779 | 0.925 | 0.803 | <0.01 |
| ∑VLCFA | 0.056 | 0.031 | 0.024 | 0.021 | 0.038 | 0.038 | 0.038 | 0.030 | 0.027 | 0.021 | 0.028 | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.031 | 0.023 | <0.01 |
Values are means from 7 subjects. DNS, de novo synthesized; SAT, saturated including DNS; MUFA, monounsaturated; n-3 PUFA, omega3 polyunsaturated; n-6 PUFA, omega 6 polyunsaturated; PUFA sum of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA and VLCFA, very-long-chain FA (≥20 carbons). Overall P values for repeated-measure analysis were <0.01 for all measured parameters. Following 24 h, concentration of C8, C10, C12, C14, C15, ∑DNS, C16:0, C18:0, ∑SAT, C16:1, C18:1, ∑MUFA, C18:3 (n-3), C20:5 (n-3), C22:6 (n-3), ∑n-3 PUFA, C18:2 (n-6), C18:3 (n-6), ∑n-6 PUFA, and ∑PUFA all increased (P < 0.05) by day3 compared with 24 h. Concentrations of C4 and C6 increased (P < 0.05) by day7 compared with 24 h. However following 24 h, concentration of C20:0, C22:0, C24:0, C22:5 (n-3), C20:2 (n-6), C20:3 (n-6), C20:4 (n-6), C22:4 (n-6), and VLCFA generally decreased (P < 0.05) compared with 6 h.