Figure 2.

Approximate biases of $\widehat{\omega }$ and $\widehat{d}$ for the case of two sequences evolving according to the regularized genetic code. (Left) The expected value of $\widehat{\omega }$ as a function of the true distance d, calculated using Equation 12 when the true ω = 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5. (Right) The expected value of $\widehat{d}$ as a function of the true ω, calculated using Equation 11. In all cases the sequence length is n = 1000 codons. Each open circle is the mean of either $\widehat{\omega }$ or $\widehat{d}$ calculated from 1000 simulated pairwise alignments.