Table 1.
Mesenchymal stromal cells and paracrine factors of inflammation.
| Mediator | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| TNFα stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) | Binds hyaluronan, inhibits inflammatory functions | (58, 59) |
| IL-1RA | Blocks IL-1α and IL-1β function in macrophage activation, T-cell recruitment | (60–62) |
| PGE2 | T-cell suppression, decrease IL-10 production. Suppresses IL-17 production | (63–65) |
| Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase | T-cell suppressor | (66–68) |
| Nitric oxide | Pro-versus, anti-inflammatory, macrophage regulator. T-cell suppressor | (69–71) |
| TGFβ1 | Suppress T-cell activation, macrophage activation. Inhibits dendritic cell migration | (72 –74) |
| SDF-1 (stromal cell derived factor) | Stem cell progenitor cell recruitment, tissue regeneration | (75–78) |
| VEGF, EGF, IGF-1 | Anti-apoptosis, differentiation, and angiogenesis | (79–81) |
| LL-37 | Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory functions | (38, 82) |