Table 2.
Changes in cognitive function and metabolic risk factors. (age and education adjusted). Data are means (±SD).
| Exercise (n=26) | Control (n=12) | P-value* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post | Baseline | Post | |||
| CERAD-K | Verbal Fluency | 13.46 (3.56) | 14.96 (3.50) | 11.66 (3.98) | 11.67 (3.39) | .048 |
| Boston naming test | 11.61 (2.15) | 12.27 (2.29) | 10.25 (2.95) | 10.75 (3.25) | .262 | |
| MMSE-KC | 26.42 (2.10) | 27.62 (1.75) | 25.66 (2.77) | 26.00 (2.83) | .214 | |
| Word list learning | 18.50 (4.10) | 20.25 (4.69) | 15.50 (5.10) | 17.00 (4.61) | .095 | |
| Constructional praxis | 9.38 (1.57) | 10.38 (.94) | 9.75 (1.05) | 10.08 (1.24) | .414 | |
| Word list recall | 6.26 (1.90) | 7.76 (1.83) | 5.08 (1.78) | 5.58 (2.57) | .038 | |
| Word list recognition | 9.19 (1.13) | 9.62 (.75) | 8.41 (1.62) | 8.58 (1.88) | .007 | |
| Constructional recall | 6.73 (2.79) | 7.50 (3.26) | 5.08 (2.19) | 5.33 (2.53) | .189 | |
| Trail making A | 144.34 (125.08) | 71.61 (30.84) | 120.40 (80.38) | 94.51 (68.35) | .798 | |
| Trail making B | 239.54 (87.63) | 218.03 (82.24) | 266.16 (65.71) | 252.67 (74.86) | .372 | |
| Total score | 68.42 (9.75) | 75.25 (9.23) | 60.66 (13.25) | 63.66 (12.58) | .037 | |
| BMI (kg·m-2) | 25.71 (2.87) | 25.55 (2.95) | 25.90 (2.38) | 25.15 (2.19) | .156 | |
| WC (cm) | 94.43 (6.22) | 90.27 (6.13) | 92.95 (5.05) | 88.28 (2.01) | .703 | |
| Triglyceride (mg·dl-1) | 126.76 (54.41) | 120.21 (45.68) | 134.90 (50.0) | 124.78 (40.54) | .564 | |
| Glucose (mg·dl-1) | 102.00 (10.86) | 110.17 (13.89) | 96.55 (6.71) | 107.00 (6.00) | .530 | |
| HDL cholesterol (mg·dl-1) | 53.38 (14.20) | 53.29 (14.19) | 44.08 (7.57) | 46.11 (7.74) | .458 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 131.92 (11.73) | 123.41 (10.83) | 133.41 (7.68) | 130.71 (8.61) | .559 | |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.11 (6.95) | 74.00 (8.04) | 80.91 (5.83) | 80.15 (6.93) | .794 | |
| SGDS-K | 3.88 (3.53) | 3.39 (3.05) | 5.16 (4.04) | 5.00 (2.00) | .341 | |
Statistical significance was tested using repeated measures analysis of covariance.
*P values correspond to between-group comparisons for the change over time for each variable.
BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; TG: triglycerides; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; CERAD-K: Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease- Korean version; MMSE-KC: Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version; SGDS-K: Short Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean version.