Table 1.
Categorized amino acid concentrations in the two portions of GC muscle following taurine supplementation for 2 weeks. Values are means (±SD).
| Amino acids | GC-W muscle | GC-R muscle | Category | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2wCon | 2wTau | RC (±%) | 2wCon | 2wTau | RC (±%) | G/K Precursor | Essential | Polar & Side-Chain | |
| Tau | 14.81 (1.59) | 21.77 (.77) ‡ | (+47%) | 26.35 (1.61) | 30.34±3.27) † | (+15%) | |||
| Thr | .49 (.04) | .42 (.03) ‡ | (-16%) | .51 (.06) | .43 (.06)† | (-16%) | Pyr | Ess | Hydroxy |
| Ser | .66 (.07) | .56 (.04) ‡ | (-16%) | .80 (.11) | .68 (.12) | (-15%) | Pyr | Non | Hydroxy |
| Gly | 4.20 (.04) | 3.94 (.47) | (-6%) | 2.19 (.17) | 1.84 (.16) ‡ | (-16%) | Pyr | Non | Alkyl |
| Ala | 3.24 (.32) | 3.00 (.34) | (-7%) | 4.03 (.50) | 3.76 (.38) | (-7%) | Pyr | Non | Alkyl |
| Val | .26 (.05) | .27 (.06) | (+2%) | .26 (.06) | .26 (.04) | (-2%) | Suc-C | Ess | Alkyl |
| Met | .06 (.01) | .08 (.01) ‡ | (+31%) | .06 (.01) | .07 (.08) | (+14%) | Suc-C | Ess | Sulfur |
| Ile | .16 (.04) | .16 (.04) | (+3%) | .16 (.04) | .15 (.03) | (-6%) | Suc-C | Ess | Alkyl |
| Asp | .39(.07) | .41 (.06) | (+5%) | .59 (.08) | .54 (.11) | (-10%) | Oxa | Non | Acidic |
| Glu | .70 (.08) | .63 (.12) | (-10%) | 1.43 (.30) | 1.15 (.31) | (-20%) | a-keto | Non | Acidic |
| His | .18±0.01) | .20 (.01) † | (+6%) | .24 (.01) | .24 (.01) | (+1%) | a-keto | Ess | Alkaline |
| Arg | .17 (.02) | .20 (.04) | (+19%) | .20 (.04) | .22 (.04) | (+13%) | a-keto | Non | Alkaline |
| Pro | .32 (.04) | .31 (.01) | (-5%) | .32 (.02) | .31 (.05) | (-1%) | a-keto | Non | Imide |
| Tyr | .16 (.02) | .18 (.01) | (+9%) | .16 (.01) | .15 (.05) | (+6%) | Fum | Non | Aromatic |
| Phe | .09 (.02) | .10 (.02) | (+14%) | .09 (.01) | .10 (.01) | (+2%) | Fum | Ess | Aromatic |
| Lys | .40 (.05) | .58 (.01) ‡ | (+45%) | .50 (.11) | .62 (.13) | (+23%) | Ace-C | Ess | Alkaline |
| Leu | .20 (.05) | .21 (.02) | (+7%) | .21 (.05) | .20 (.04) | (-2%) | Ace-C | Ess | Alkyl |
Footnote: Amino acids concentrations are shorted by category of G/K precursor (mean ± SD). RC shows the rate of change in the 2wTau group compared to that in the 2wCon group. Category of the G/K precursor is the glucogenitic or ketogenitic precursors. These amino acids are also categorized by the essential amino acids, the polar characteristics (acidic, alkaline), and the side-chain radical (hydroxy-, alkyl-, sulfur-, imide-, and aromatic- radicals).
† p < 0.05,
‡ p < 0.01 for the Control vs. Taurine groups by student’s t-test.
Abbreviations: 2wCon; two-week non-supplemented group, 2wTau; two-week taurine-supplemented, GC-W; white portion of gastrocnemius muscle, GC-R; red portion of gastrocnemius muscle, Pyr: pyruvate, Suc-C: succinyl-CoA, Oxa; oxaloacetate; a-keto: a-ketoglutarate; Fum; fumarate, Ace-C: acetyl-CoA, Ess; essential amino acids, Non; non-essential amino acids