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Regulation of Ras family proteins. The Ras GTPases cycle between GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active forms. Activation of Ras is regulated by the balance of opposing actions of two classes of Ras regulatory enzymes. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) promote GTP-bound Ras state by enhancing exchange of GDP with GTP. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) enhance slow rate of intrinsic Ras GTPase activity, promoting the inactive GDP-bound state of Ras.
