Table 1.
Stem Cell markers | Self-renewal | Pluripotency | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
iPSC or PRPSC cells | Morphology | Alkaline phosphatase | Induced endogenous homologs | Exogenous silencing | Gene expression | Proliferation | Telomerase | EB formation/ Teratoma | Gene expression | Chimera formation |
Mouse | ESC-like clusters | YES | Oct4, Sox2, c-myc, Klf4 | YES | Nanog Vasa SSEA-1 | YES | YES | large aggregates | three germ lines | YES |
Chicken | ESC-like clusters | YES | Oct4, Sox2, c-myc, −Klf4 | YES | Nanog Vasa SSEA-1 | YES | YES | large aggregates/ Teratomas formed | three germ lines | YES |
Quail | ESC-like clusters | YES | Oct4, Sox2, c-myc, −Klf4 | YES | Nanog Vasa SSEA-1 | YES | YES | large aggregates /Teratomas formed | three germ lines | ND |
Finch | ESC-like clusters | YES | Oct4, Sox2, c-myc, −Klf4 | YES | Nanog Vasa SSEA-1 | YES | YES | small aggregates | three germ lines | ND |
Zebrafish | ESC-like clusters | YES | Oct4, Sox2, c-myc, −Klf4 | YES | - Nanog Vasa SSEA-1 | YES | YES | small aggregates | three germ lines | YES |
Drosophila | Darker, some clusters | YES | Oct4 (VVL), SoxN, d-myc, −Luna (klf4) | ND | Vasa Dichaete Escargot Snail | YES | NA | small aggregates | NA | ND |
A large number of similarities are found. Species differences are highlighted in bold. NA, not applicable; ND, not done.