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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 8.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Biol. 2013 Jun 13;23(13):1163–1172. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.008

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Aversive and attractive chemotaxes enrich turns, but differ in their kinematics. (A, B) Trajectories of UAS-shits1/+ flies with 10% acetic acid (A) or 2% vinegar (B) in the bottom right quadrant. Each black dot represents the appearance of one fly in one frame, and data were pooled over all periods as specified in Figure S3. (C) Definition of the orientation angle θ. Red dot: odorant source. Dashed arrow: approximated direction of the odorant gradient. Solid arrow: direction of the velocity. (D, E) Turn segments (red) flanking the aversive turning points in response to 10% acetic acid (D) or attractive turning points in response to 2% vinegar (E). Arrowhead: an exemplary turning point. Grey dots are the same as black dots in Figures 1A and 1B. The dashed lines specify the borders (2.5–7.5 cm in D and 5.5–9.5 cm in E) of areas for data collection in Figures 1H–1K. (F, G, F′, G′) The relation between the distance from the odorant source and the frequency of aversive (F, G′) or attractive (F′, G) turns in chemotactic aversion (F, F′) and attraction (G, G′). Compared to the air control, the aversive odorant (acetic acid) condition enriches aversive turning points (F), whereas the attractive odorant (vinegar) condition enriches attractive turning points (G). For each bin, the number of aversive turns against the total number of tracked fly position between the control and the odorant periods were compared with chi-square test, and only significantly different bins were indicated. (H–K) The temporal profiles of speed (H, J) and angular speed (I, K) around the aversive (H, I) or attractive (J, K) turning points. Solid traces represent mean of all individual data points over time; dashed traces represent s.e.m. The comparisons were made between mean speed or angular speed before turning (− 0.4 s to −0.2 s), and every time point after turning (0.17 s to 0.4 s), with the turning point as Time 0. Only significantly different time points were indicated. (Wilcoxon test, n = 387 for aversion, and n = 203 for attraction). Throughout the paper: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.