Table 1.
Characteristics of the women from the Nurses’ Health Study II by quintile of anthocyanin intake at baseline
| Anthocyanin intake mg/d | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 (n=18676) | Quintile 2 (n=18736) | Quintile 3 (n=18727) | Quintile 4 (n=18729) | Quintile 5 (n=18732) | P for trend | |
| Age (yrs) | 36.4 (4.7) | 36.4 (4.7) | 36.6 (4.7) | 36.7 (4.6) | 36.9 (4.6) | - |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 (5.8) | 24.8 (5.4) | 24.5 (5.1) | 24.4 (5.0) | 24.2 (4.8) | <0.0001 |
| Premenopausal % | 96.2 | 96.2 | 96.0 | 96.5 | 96.6 | <0.001 |
| Oral contraceptive use % | ||||||
| Never | 16 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 0.82 |
| Past | 74 | 74 | 73 | 74 | 73 | 0.12 |
| Current | 10 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 0.045 |
| Smoking % | ||||||
| Never | 61 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 66 | <0.0001 |
| Former | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | <0.0001 |
| Current,1–14 per day | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | <0.0001 |
| Current,15+ per day | 12 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity (Mets/wk) | 16.4 (24.2) | 18.3 (24.2) | 20.7 (26.2) | 23.2 (29.3) | 25.8 (30.7) | <0.0001 |
| Family history of MI % | 23 | 21 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 0.0006 |
| History of hypertension % | 7.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.9 | <0.0001 |
| History of diabetes % | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.64 |
| History of hypercholesterolemia % | 16.1 | 15.0 | 14.1 | 13.9 | 13.7 | <0.0001 |
| Energy intake (Kcal/d) | 1847 (594) | 1831 (486) | 1740 (606) | 1922 (523) | 1606 (461) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol g/d | 3.0 (7.1) | 2.8 (5.5) | 3.0 (5.5) | 3.4 (6.0) | 3.3 (6.1) | <0.0001 |
| Total Fat g/d | 68.3 (25.2) | 65.7 (20.2) | 60.7 (23.7) | 66.0 (21.1) | 52.9 (17.3) | <0.0001 |
| Saturated Fat g/d | 24.7 (9.7) | 23.4 (7.7) | 21.5 (8.9) | 23.3 (8.0) | 18.5 (6.5) | <0.0001 |
| Monounsaturated Fat g/d | 26.1 (9.9) | 25.0 (8.1) | 23.0 (9.4) | 25.0 (8.4) | 19.9 (6.8) | <0.0001 |
| Polyunsaturated Fat g/d | 11.6 (4.8) | 11.6 (4.1) | 10.9 (4.6) | 12.0 (4.2) | 9.8 (3.6) | <0.0001 |
| Trans Fat g/d | 3.8 (1.8) | 3.5 (1.5) | 3.1 (1.6) | 3.3 (1.5) | 2.5 (1.1) | <0.0001 |
| Dietary Fiber g/day | 15.7 (6.6) | 17.6 (6.8) | 17.9 (7.7) | 20.6 (7.8) | 18.9 (8.0) | <0.0001 |
| Whole Grain g/d | 16.8 (15.4) | 19.6 (15.5) | 20.0 (16.3) | 23.1 (17.2) | 20.7 (16.3) | <0.0001 |
| Potassium mg/d | 2734 (924) | 2890 (860) | 2837 (995) | 3199 (961) | 2857 (929) | <0.0001 |
| Total flavonoids mg/d | 351 (541) | 366 (451) | 422 (502) | 402 (423) | 520 (519) | <0.0001 |
| Flavanones mg/d | 26.8 (34.3) | 30.4 (31.1) | 34.4 (35.4) | 34.4 (32.8) | 41.2 (38.5) | <0.0001 |
| Flavonols mg/d | 16.0 (13.7) | 17.2 (12.8) | 18.6 (13.2) | 19.3 (12.5) | 21.6 (13.9) | <0.0001 |
| Flavones mg/d | 1.2 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.7 (1.0) | 1.9 (1.2) | <0.0001 |
| Flavan-3-ols mg/d | 58.1 (93.8) | 58.4 (83.7) | 62.6 (89.2) | 60.2 (77.6) | 71.1 (90.5) | <0.0001 |
| Polymers mg/d | 246.8 (439) | 254.0 (359) | 297.4 (403) | 273.3 (336) | 351.4 (415) | <0.0001 |
All values (except age) are age adjusted means ± SDs