Table 2.
The relationship between myocardial infarction and flavonoid intake (total and sub-classes in quintiles) in participants from the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII)
| Quintiles (Q) of flavonoid intake subclasses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P for trend | |
| Flavonols (mg/d) | 7.8 | 11.6 | 15.3 | 20.5 | 33.2 | |
| No. of cases | 99 | 76 | 83 | 66 | 81 | |
| No. of person years | 329022 | 330993 | 331848 | 330730 | 328659 | |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 | 0.73 (0.54–0.99) | 0.78 (0.58–1.05) | 0.60 (0.44–0.81) | 0.71 (0.53–0.95) | 0.009 |
| Model 2* | 1.0 | 0.84 (0.62–1.13) | 0.93 (0.69–1.25) | 0.71 (0.52–0.98) | 0.81 (0.60–1.09) | 0.10 |
| Model 3† | 1.0 | 0.85 (0.63–1.15) | 0.95 (0.70–1.28) | 0.71 (0.51–0.99) | 0.79 (0.58–1.08) | 0.08 |
| Flavones (mg/d) | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.9 | |
| No. of cases | 105 | 86 | 70 | 69 | 75 | |
| No. of person years | 327898 | 329943 | 330724 | 332407 | 330279 | |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 | 0.79 (0.60–1.05) | 0.62 (0.46–0.84) | 0.59 (0.43–0.79) | 0.60 (0.45–0.81) | 0.0001 |
| Model 2* | 1.0 | 0.95 (0.71–1.26) | 0.81 (0.59–1.10) | 0.82 (0.60–1.13) | 0.92 (0.68–1.26) | 0.36 |
| Model 3† | 1.0 | 0.98 (0.74–1.32) | 0.86 (0.62–1.17) | 0.89 (0.64–1.22) | 1.00 (0.72–1.40) | 0.75 |
| Flavanones (mg/d) | 6.6 | 15.5 | 25.5 | 40.1 | 71.1 | |
| No. of cases | 109 | 75 | 59 | 89 | 73 | |
| No. of person years | 328444 | 330702 | 331126 | 331375 | 329605 | |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 | 0.69 (0.51–0.93) | 0.52 (0.38–0.71) | 0.77 (0.58–1.01) | 0.60 (0.44–0.80) | 0.004 |
| Model 2* | 1.0 | 0.80 (0.59–1.07) | 0.64 (0.46–0.88) | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | 0.85 (0.63–1.15) | 0.66 |
| Model 3† | 1.0 | 0.82 (0.61–1.11) | 0.67 (0.48–0.92) | 1.07 (0.80–1.44) | 0.91 (0.66–1.26) | 0.96 |
| Flavan-3-ols (mg/d) | 13.4 | 33.3 | 78.9 | 206.2 | 610.2 | |
| No. of cases | 99 | 64 | 81 | 77 | 84 | |
| No. of person years | 328919 | 330959 | 331080 | 330939 | 329355 | |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 | 0.66 (0.48–0.91) | 0.84 (0.63–1.13) | 0.79 (0.58–1.06) | 0.82 (0.61–1.09) | 0.40 |
| Model 2* | 1.0 | 0.76 (0.56–1.05) | 0.94 (0.70–1.26) | 0.88 (0.65–1.19) | 0.86 (0.64–1.15) | 0.53 |
| Model 3† | 1.0 | 0.77 (0.56–1.06) | 0.94 (0.70–1.27) | 0.87 (0.64–1.18) | 0.82 (0.61–1.11) | 0.37 |
| Anthocyanins (mg/d) | 2.5 | 5.0 | 8.4 | 13.5 | 25.1 | |
| No. of cases | 126 | 81 | 66 | 73 | 59 | |
| No. of person years | 324793 | 330336 | 331831 | 332148 | 332143 | |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 | 0.63 (0.47–0.83) | 0.50 (0.37–0.67) | 0.54 (0.40–0.72) | 0.42 (0.31–0.57) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2* | 1.0 | 0.76 (0.57–1.01) | 0.66 (0.49–0.90) | 0.77 (0.58–1.04) | 0.62 (0.45–0.86) | 0.006 |
| Model 3 † | 1.0 | 0.80 (0.60–1.07) | 0.71 (0.52–0.97) | 0.85 (0.63–1.15) | 0.68 (0.49–0.96) | 0.047 |
| Polymers (mg/d) | 65.4 | 110.1 | 160.9 | 256.7 | 578.6 | |
| No. of cases | 112 | 80 | 69 | 57 | 87 | |
| No. of person years | 327966 | 331209 | 331278 | 331145 | 329654 | |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 | 0.71 (0.53–0.95) | 0.61 (0.45–0.82) | 0.49 (0.36–0.68) | 0.72 (0.54–0.95) | 0.002 |
| Model 2* | 1.0 | 0.85 (0.64–1.14) | 0.77 (0.57–1.04) | 0.63 (0.45–0.86) | 0.84 (0.63–1.12) | 0.06 |
| Model 3† | 1.0 | 0.89 (0.66–1.19) | 0.80 (0.59–1.08) | 0.64 (0.46–0.89) | 0.83 (0.62–1.11) | 0.051 |
| Total Flavonoids (mg/d) | 117.4 | 187.1 | 260.7 | 389.9 | 804.7 | |
| No. of cases | 109 | 82 | 66 | 65 | 83 | |
| Person years | 328518 | 331254 | 330948 | 330890 | 329641 | |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.0 | 0.73 (0.55–0.98) | 0.58 (0.43–0.79) | 0.56 (0.41–0.76) | 0.69 (0.52–0.92) | 0.002 |
| Model 2* | 1.0 | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) | 0.76 (0.56–1.04) | 0.74 (0.54–1.01) | 0.84 (0.62–1.12) | 0.09 |
| Model 3† | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.72–1.28) | 0.80 (0.58–1.09) | 0.76 (0.55–1.05) | 0.83 (0.61–1.12) | 0.09 |
*
Model 2 – age, physical activity, smoking, BMI, alcohol, energy, menopausal status, PMH use, aspirin use, oral contraceptive use, family history of MI
†
Model 3 - model 2 plus cereal fiber, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, caffeine