Table 3.
Effect of the exercise program on physical performance, upper- and lower-body strength (mean ± standard deviation)
| Pre (T0) | Post (T1) | Δ% | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aquatic group (n = 17) | ||||
| BS (cm) | −7.8 ± 8.9 | −5.81 ± 8.34 | 25.8 | 0.042 |
| SR (cm) | 3.2 ± 7.3 | 13.08 ± 6.77 | 309.9 | 0.000 |
| UGT (sec) | 5.57 ± 1.21 | 4.49 ± 0.76 | −19.3 | 0.000 |
| HG (kg) | 22.7 ± 9.8 | 23.51 ± 8.32 | 3.8 | 0.597 |
| KET (Nm) | 75.34 ± 18.56 | 78.49 ± 15.23 | 5.5 | 0.179 |
| KEM (Nm) | 111.52 ± 41.07 | 120.40 ± 39.36 | 14.61 | 0.138 |
| Land group (n = 17) | ||||
| BS (cm) | −4.9 ± 6.5 | −3.47 ± 8.35 | 29.0 | 0.533 |
| SR (cm) | 5.3 ± 12.2 | 13.53 ± 11.51 | 153.7 | 0.003 |
| UGT (sec) | 6.08 ± 2.06 | 5.31 ± 2.08 | −12.6 | 0.013 |
| HG (kg) | 18.7 ± 8.4 | 23.55 ± 9.14 | 26.1 | 0.045 |
| KET (Nm) | 67.06 ± 21.34 | 68.73 ± 19.33 | −1.0 | 0.702 |
| KEM (Nm) | 101.16 ± 47.95 | 103.87 ± 53.13 | −0.7 | 0.891 |
| Control group (n = 19) | ||||
| BS (cm) | −4.7 ± 12 | −4.45 ± 9.60 | 5.3 | 0.326 |
| SR (cm) | 8.9 ± 7.8 | 10.37 ± 7.62 | 16.5 | 0.103 |
| UGT (sec) | 5.11 ± 0.79 | 5.28 ± 1.02 | 3.3 | 0.304 |
| HG (kg) | 20.7 ± 9.8 | 23.54 ± 10.65 | 13.9 | 0.096 |
| KET (Nm) | 74.23 ± 20.34 | 64.41 ± 22.96 | −14.4 | 0.000 |
| KEM (Nm) | 113.28 ± 57.34 | 84.60 ± 40.23 | −25.5 | 0.006 |
Abbreviations: BS, back scratch test; SR, sit-and-reach test; UGT, 8-foot Up and Go test; HG, hand grip test; KET, isotonic leg extension strength; KEM, isometric leg extension strength; Δ, difference between T1 and T0.