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. 2013 Sep 20;19(9):933–944. doi: 10.1089/ars.2012.5093

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

The role of Mn antioxidants and SOD enzymes in microbial pathogenesis. During infection, the host defense response includes the oxidative burst by macrophages and neutrophils involving the NADPH oxidase production of O2•−. To evade the host response, microbes (white circle) employ SOD enzymes as well as Mn antioxidants (see main text). Since O2•− is not membrane permeable, extracellular/periplasmic microbial antioxidant defenses may be most critical.