Table 3.
Baseline characteristics in subjects who did and did not convert to diabetes during follow-up
| Subjects without diabetes at baseline (n=4377) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-converters (n=4203) |
Incident diabetes (n=174) |
P | |
| Age (years) | 57.3 ± 5.9 | 57.9 ± 5.7 | 0.26 |
| Men (%) | 38.9 | 45.4 | 0.09 |
| FBG (mmol/l) | 4.9 ± 0.44 | 5.4 ± 0.44 | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)* | 1.11 (0.84–1.51) | 1.46 (1.05–1.96) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 140 ± 19 | 146 ± 19 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 86 ± 9.3 | 90 ± 10 | < 0.001 |
| AHT (%) | 14.2 | 27.6 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 3.6 | 28.2 ± 4.7 | < 0.001 |
| Waist (cm) | 82.2 ± 12 | 91.5 ± 14 | < 0.001 |
| Waist-hip-ratio | 0.84 ± 0.09 | 0.89 ± 0.10 | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.41 ± 0.37 | 1.25 ± 0.33 | < 0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 4.2 ± 0.98 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 0.06 |
| Cystatin C (mg/l) | 0.77 ± 0.14 | 0.82 ± 0.21 | < 0.001 |
| Copeptin (pmol/l)* | 4.98 (3.09–7.84) | 6.35 (4.05–9.88) | < 0.001 |
| Insulin (mU/L)* | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) | 9.0 (6.0–13) | < 0.001 |
| CRP (mg/l)* | 1.2 (0.6–2.6) | 2.1 (0.9–4.1) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 26.4 | 29.5 | 0.37 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 2.8 | 6.9 | 0.002 |
| Previous CVD (%) | 2.0 | 2.3 | 0.80 |
| Subjects without impaired fasting glucose at baseline (n=3702) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-converters (n=3623) |
Incident diabetes (n=79) |
P | |
| Age (years) | 57.2 ± 5.9 | 58.1 ± 5.4 | 0.20 |
| Men (%) | 36.5 | 38.0 | 0.79 |
| FBG (mmol/l) | 4.7 ± 0.34 | 5.0 ± 0.28 | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)* | 1.08 (0.82–1.47) | 1.34 (1.06–1.92) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 139 ± 19 | 146 ± 19 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 86 ± 9.2 | 89 ± 9.5 | 0.004 |
| AHT (%) | 13.4 | 24.1 | 0.006 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 3.6 | 27.5 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 |
| Waist (cm) | 81.3 ± 12 | 88.7 ± 14 | < 0.001 |
| Waist-hip-ratio | 0.84 ± 0.09 | 0.87 ± 0.09 | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.43 ± 0.37 | 1.27 ± 0.32 | < 0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 4.1 ± 0.98 | 4.1 ± 0.93 | 0.99 |
| Cystatin C (mg/l) | 0.77 ± 0.14 | 0.83 ± 0.27 | < 0.001 |
| Copeptin (pmol/l)* | 4.90 (3.03–7.65) | 6.74 (4.44–10.9) | 0.001 |
| Insulin (mU/L)* | 6.0 (4.0–8.0) | 8.0 (6.0–11) | < 0.001 |
| CRP (mg/l)* | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 2.4 (1.0–4.1) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 26.0 | 30.4 | 0.38 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 3.0 | 7.6 | 0.02 |
| Previous CVD (%) | 1.9 | 2.5 | 0.67 |
Continuous variables are given as means ± SD unless otherwise specified
*
median (interquartile range).
AHT, anti-hypertensive treatment; BMI, Body-mass-index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; previous CVD, cardiovascular disease present before baseline examination.