Table 1.
Kinesthesia, balance & agility (KBA) knee OA studies summary.
| STUDY | STUDY TYPE | ENTERED/ COMPLETED |
AGE (SD) |
ENTRY CRITERIA | STUDY TIME |
INTERVENTION | OUTCOME MEASURES |
OUTCOME SUMMARY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dıracogluet al (2005) | Two group trial |
66/60 | Range 35-65 (mean not reported) | ACR | 8 weeks (3x/wk) |
KBA + RT vs RT | Proprioceptive acuity; WOMAC; SF-36; 10 stairs climbing; 10-m walk; isokinetic muscle strength | Both groups improved all measures; WOMAC function better in KBA; SF-36: physical function, role limitations (physical) and vitality (energy or fatigue) higher in KBA; KBA > RT on stair climb, walk; no between group difference on proprioceptive acuity |
| Fitzgerald et al(2011) | RCT | 183/ITT analysis |
64.6 (8.4); 63.3 (8.9) |
ACR, KL 2+ | 12 supervised sessions over 6-8 wks, then HEP through 6 months | RT vs RT + KBA (2x/wk + walking 30 min 3x/wk) | WOMAC; subjective knee stability; knee pain; global rating of change in symptoms; get up & go walk | Both improved self-reported function and global rating of change at 2-, 6-, and 12-month, no differences between groups. No change knee pain or up & go. No additive effect of agility and perturbation training with RT. |
| Sekir & Gur (2005) | RCT | 22/22 | 59 (8.9); 62 (8.1) |
ACR, radiographs; bilateral knee OA | 6 weeks | Proprioceptive exercise vs Control | Pain; get up & go walk; stair ascent/descent; joint position sense; balance; isometric & isokinetic strength | Exercise improved postural control, functional capacity, and knee pain in patients with bilateral knee OA. |
| Chaipinyo & Karoonsupcharoen (2009) | Two Group trail |
48/42 | 62 (6) 70 (6) |
ACR | 4 weeks (5x/wk) |
Balance training (stepping forward/ back/sideways,mini-squats) vs Isometric quads RT, multi position | Pain; knee symptoms; isokinetic knee strength; 15m walk; 15m up & go walk; stair ascent, descent | Both equally effective in improving pain and most symptoms, strength, walks, stair climb (RT > balance on stair descent) |
| Rogers et al (2011a) | Two Group trial |
20/15 | 69.3 (11.4) |
Physician Dx knee OA | 8 weeks (3x/wk) |
RT vs KBA | WOMAC; community physical activity; exercise self-efficacy; knee stability self report; 15m up & go walk; stair ascent/descent | Both improved WOMAC Physical Function (KBA 59%, RT 40%), and subjective knee stability. Community physical activity level improved only in KBA; There were no between-group differences. Both appear to improve function and knee stability. |
OA: osteoarthritis; RCT: Randomised clinical trial; RT: resistance training; ACR: American College of Rheumatology OA diagnostic criteria; Dx: diagnosis; KL: Kellgren & Lawrence radiographic OA grading scale; SF-36: Short Form 36 quality of life survey; WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, pain, stiffness, physical function; ITT: intention to treat; HEP: Home Exercise Program