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. 2013 Jun 25;41(16):7683–7699. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt563

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© The Author(s) 2013. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Upregulation of a set of autophagy genes in response to leucine starvation. (A) Immunoblot analysis of MAP1LC3B (LC3B) processing from MEFs incubated for 2–8 h either in control (+leu) or leucine-free medium (−leu). β-actin was used as a loading control. When indicated chloroquine (20 µM) was added. The LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was calculated based on densitometry analysis of both bands using Image J software. (B) Effect of leucine starvation on the mRNA level of a large number of autophagy genes. Total RNA from MEFs incubated for 2–8 h either in control (+leu) or leucine-free medium (−leu) was analyzed by RT-qPCR. The graphs show means ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments. t tests have been performed to compare the means. The asterisks indicate a P value of ≤ 0.05 relative to the +leu medium value.