Table 2.

Ranking of specific needs.

Item number	Stated needs	Mean	SD	Related factor
N6	Plunge into beauty of nature	2.23	1.00	IP
N25	Feel connected with family	1.89	1.26	—
N4	Reflect previous life	1.56	1.17	EN
N13	Turn to someone in a loving attitude	1.52	1.24	IP
N24	Being complete and safe	1.38	1.29	—
N29	Invited for private meetings by friends again	1.26	1.18	—
N14	Give away something from yourself	1.25	1.24	(GG)
N15	Solace someone	1.09	1.20	GG
N20	Pray for yourself	1.01	1.10	RN
N9	Listen to touching music	0.99	1.12	—
N26	Pass own life experiences to others	0.98	1.06	GG
N21	Participate at a religious ceremony	0.94	1.10	RN
N7	Dwell at a place of quietness and peace	0.91	1.20	IP
N2	Talk with others about fears and worries	0.70	1.12	IP
N23	Turn to a higher presence	0.70	1.10	RN
N1	Receive more attention	0.69	1.11	—
N8	Find inner peace	0.67	1.11	IP
N11	Talk with someone about the question of meaning in life	0.55	1.00	EN
N28	Reinvolved by family in their life concerns	0.43	0.90	—
N10	Find meaning in illness and/or suffering	0.41	0.84	EN
N5	Dissolve open aspects of your life	0.37	0.87	(EN)
N22	Read religious/spiritual books	0.28	0.72	RN
N30	Receive more support from your family	0.28	0.75	—
N17	Be forgiven	0.26	0.72	(IP)
N16	Forgive someone from a distinct period of your life	0.23	0.68	EN
N12	Talk with someone about the possibility of life after death	0.22	0.66	EN
N18	Pray with someone	0.19	0.60	RN
N3	Someone of your community (i.e., priest, chaplain) cares for you	0.15	0.52	(RN)
N19	Someone prays for you	0.11	0.49	RN

Results are means ± standard deviation (SD) of the respective needs (range: 0–3). The items refer to the following factors: religious needs (RN), existential needs (EN), inner peace needs (IP), and giving/generativity (GG); some items are additional items which are not regarded as spiritual needs.