Table 4.
Associations between 4-Month Qualitative Features of Behavior and 12-Month Infant Attachment
| Modality | Means of Ordinalized Behavioral Scales | Modality | Behavioral Extremes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| nonB | C | D | nonB | C | D | |||
| Infant | Gaze | - | - | - | Gaze away | - | - | - |
| Facial affect | - | - | - | Negative facial affect | - | - | - | |
| Vocal affect | - | - | - | Negative vocal affect | - | - | ↑ | |
| Distress (facial or vocal) | - | - | ↑ | |||||
| Facial/vocal discrepant | - | - | ↑ | |||||
| Touch frequency | ↓ | - | ↓ | No touch | ↑ | - | ↑ | |
| Touch own skin | - | - | ↓ | |||||
| Head orientation | - | - | - | 60° – 90° avert | - | - | - | |
| Arch | - | - | - | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| Mother | Gaze | - | - | - | Gaze away | - | - | ↑ |
| Facial affect | - | - | - | Negative facial affect | - | - | - | |
| Positive facial affect | - | - | - | |||||
| Touch | - | - | - | Interruptive touch | - | - | - | |
| Intrusive Touch | ↑ | ↑b | - | |||||
| Spatial orientation | - | - | - | Loom | ↑ | - | ↑ | |
|
| ||||||||
| Dyadica | Chase + Dodge | ↑ | ↑ | - | ||||
| Mother positive facial affect/Infant distress | - | - | ↑ | |||||
Note: ↑ = significant increase (↓ = significant decrease) in behavior for nonB, C and D, each compared to B (p < .05); - = not significant; orient = orientation.
a
Dyadic codes were tested exclusively as behavioral extremes.
b
Increased maternal intrusive touch p = .066 for C (vs. B); however, progressive increase in maternal intrusive touch (“slope”) p = .006 for C (vs. B); see footnote 6.