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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 May 18;131(0):50–55. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.023

Table 1.

The use of dietary and other supplements during college in performance enhancing substance (PES) users and non-users

PES non-user PES user Chi square value
Amino acids 34.1% 57.3% 64.56*
Chromium 2.1% 12.6% 109.87*
Creatine 52.3% 74.5% 54.39*
Glucosamine 19.2% 36.5% 51.09*
Multivitamin with caffeine 11.4% 29.6% 83.34*
Diuretics 1.9% 11.9% 126.13*
Energy boosters 22.8% 56.3% 178.62*
Weight loss 7.6% 28.3% 162.17*
Protein products 76.0% 79.5% 2.00
Weight gain 26.0% 49.7% 82.24*
Sleep aid (e.g., Ambien) 10.8% 21.8% 35.02*
*

df = 1, p <.001.