Table 2. Association between inhaled corticosteroid dosing (once daily vs. two or more times daily) on adherence levels and the likelihood of having a level >75%.

Variable	Level of ICS adherence*				Likelihood of ICS adherence >75%†
	Change in level of adherence (95% CI)‡	P-value	Change in level of adherence (95% CI)§	P-value	OR (95% CI)‡	P-value	aOR (95% CI)§	P-value
Once daily ICS use║	19.3 (19.8 – 23.7)	0.001	19.6 (15.3 – 23.9)	0.001	3.28 (2.41 –	0.001	3.51 (2.53 – 4.85)	0.001
Age (per 10-year interval)			4.0 (2.9 –5.0)	0.001			1.23 (1.13 – 1.35)	0.001
Female			-3.6 (-6.9 – -0.2)	0.036			0.84 (0.63 – 1.13)	0.250
Race – ethnicity (referent – white)
African American			-6.9 (-10.4 – - 3.5)	0.001			0.61 (0.44 – 0.84)	0.002
Other			0.1 (-5.9 – 6.1)	0.981			1.15 (0.72 – 1.85)	0.552
Asthma severity (referent -low/low-moderate)			4.5 (0.7 – 8.4)	0.022			1.46 (1.06 – 2.01)	0.022
Taking additional asthma controller medication			5.6 (0.9 – 10.2)	0.020			1.51 (1.05 – 2.17)	0.025

ICS denotes inhaled cortiosteroids; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval, and aOR, adjusted odds ratio.

^*Linear regression model predicting adherence as a continuous outcome measure. Estimates represent the absolute change in the level of adherence (0-100 scale) per unit of change in the independent variable.

^†Logistic regression model predicting the likelihood of having an adherence levels >75% per unit of change in the independent variable.

^‡Univariable analysis.

^§Multivariable analysis adjusted for all other variables shown.

^║Comparison group is individuals with two or more times daily ICS dosing.