| Individual risk factors |
| Relational aggression |
1.47 |
2 |
8 |
.62 |
| (e.g., “how many times in the past 12 months have you told lies about a student to make other kids not like them?”) |
(.83) |
|
(never to 40 times or more) |
|
| Family risk factors |
| Poor family management (e.g., “would you parent know if you did not come home on time?”) |
1.52 (.49) |
9 |
4 (definitely no to definitely yes) |
.83 |
| Family conflict (e.g., “people in my family have serious arguments.”) |
1.94 (.76) |
3 |
4 (definitely no to definitely yes) |
.82 |
| School risk factors |
| Academic failure (e.g., “what were your grades like last year?”) |
1.86 (.56) |
2 |
4 (very poor to very good) |
.63 |
| Low commitment to school (e.g., “how interesting are most of your school subjects to you?”) |
2.04 (.59) |
7 |
5 (very interesting to very boring) |
.80 |
|
| Categorical measures |
% |
No. of items in scale |
Responese options |
Cronbach' alpha |
|
| Individual risk factors |
| Traditional bullying victimization (e.g., “have you been teased or called names, had rumours spread about you?”) |
38.8 |
1 |
2 (no to yes once a week)
|
N/A |
| Traditional bullying perpetration (e.g., “have you taken part in bullying another student at school recently?”) |
17.2 |
1 |
2 (no to yes once a week)
|
N/A |
| Peer risk factor |
| Interaction with antisocial friends (e.g., “in the past 12 months, how many of your best friends have sold illegal drugs?”) |
34.8 |
8 |
2 (no friends to one or more friends) |
N/A |
| School risk factor |
| School suspension (e.g., “in the past 12 months have you been suspended from school?”) |
5.2 |
1 |
2 (no suspensions to one or more) |
N/A |
