Table 1.
Characteristics of the mothers and children according to child’s BMIa at 7 years of age in the CPP, 1959–1965.
| Characteristics | Normal BMI | Overweight | Obese | p-Valuec | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Percentb or median (IQR) | n | Percentb or median (IQR) | n | Percentb or median (IQR) | ||
| All | 1,683 | 87.8 | 165 | 8.6 | 68 | 3.5 | |
| Mother | |||||||
| Age at recruitment (years) | 1,683 | 23.0 (8.0) | 165 | 23.0 (10.0) | 68 | 23.0 (9.0) | 0.27 |
| Race | < 0.01 | ||||||
| White | 725 | 85.3 | 90 | 10.6 | 35 | 4.1 | |
| African American | 904 | 90.3 | 70 | 7.0 | 27 | 2.7 | |
| Other | 54 | 83.1 | 5 | 7.7 | 6 | 9.2 | |
| Education | 0.06 | ||||||
| < High school | 972 | 87.6 | 89 | 8.0 | 48 | 4.3 | |
| ≥ High school | 711 | 88.1 | 76 | 9.4 | 20 | 2.5 | |
| Socioeconomic index | 0.03 | ||||||
| ≤ 3.0 | 468 | 90.5 | 33 | 6.4 | 16 | 3.1 | |
| 3.1–6.0 | 776 | 86.3 | 82 | 9.1 | 41 | 4.6 | |
| > 6.0 | 439 | 87.8 | 50 | 10.0 | 11 | 2.2 | |
| Smoking status (cigarettes/day) | 0.66 | ||||||
| Nonsmoker | 932 | 88.2 | 93 | 8.8 | 32 | 3.0 | |
| Smoke ≤ 10 | 469 | 88.0 | 43 | 8.1 | 21 | 3.9 | |
| Smoke > 10 | 282 | 86.5 | 29 | 8.9 | 15 | 4.6 | |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | < 0.01 | ||||||
| < 25.0 | 1,335 | 89.8 | 110 | 7.4 | 42 | 2.8 | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 243 | 80.7 | 40 | 13.3 | 18 | 6.0 | |
| ≥ 30.0 | 105 | 82.0 | 15 | 11.7 | 8 | 6.3 | |
| Pregnancy weight gain (kg) | 1,683 | 10.4 (5.4) | 165 | 10.8 (5.9) | 68 | 11.7 (5.2) | 0.01 |
| Children | |||||||
| Sex | 0.01 | ||||||
| Male | 1,042 | 88.4 | 107 | 9.1 | 30 | 2.5 | |
| Female | 641 | 87.0 | 58 | 7.9 | 38 | 5.2 | |
| Live birth order | 0.09 | ||||||
| First | 502 | 85.4 | 57 | 9.7 | 29 | 4.9 | |
| Second | 361 | 87.2 | 39 | 9.4 | 14 | 3.4 | |
| ≥ Third | 820 | 89.7 | 69 | 7.5 | 25 | 2.7 | |
| Breastfeeding ≥ 1 days | 0.17 | ||||||
| No | 1,300 | 88.1 | 119 | 8.1 | 56 | 3.8 | |
| Yes | 258 | 86.3 | 35 | 11.7 | 6 | 2.0 | |
| Missing | 125 | 88.0 | 11 | 7.7 | 6 | 4.3 | |
| Birth length (cm) | 1,664 | 50.0 (4.0) | 165 | 50.0 (4.0) | 67 | 50.0 (3.0) | 0.27 |
| Birth weight (g) | 1,682 | 3,203 (681) | 165 | 3,317 (709) | 68 | 3,161 (751) | < 0.01 |
| Weight (kg)d | 1,683 | 22.7 (3.7) | 165 | 28.5 (5.0) | 68 | 35.3 (6.7) | < 0.01 |
| Height (cm)d | 1,683 | 121.0 (7.0) | 165 | 123.0 (9.0) | 68 | 125.0 (7.5) | < 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2)d | 1,683 | 15.5 (1.7) | 165 | 18.7 (1.0) | 68 | 22.3 (3.1) | < 0.01 |
| aCategories defined by age- and sex-specific cut-off points for BMI from the IOTF. bSome row percentages do not add up 100% due to rounding. cp-Values testing differences in percentages (Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test) or medians (Kruskal–Wallis) across the three groups defined by child’s BMI. dAt the 7-year examination. | |||||||