Table 1.

Characteristics and biological parameters of children and adolescents.

		Children				Adolescents
		2007–2008		2010		2006
		Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls	Boys	Girls
n		107	92	49	48	101	99
Age (years)		5.6 (4.8–6.8)	5.7 (4.9–6.3)	7.6 (6.0–8.9)	7.7 (6.7–8.8)	15.6 (14.0–17.8)	15.6 (14.2–17.3)
BMI (kg/m2)		20.7±3.0	20.4±3.5	17.4±2.2	17.2±2.8	20.7±3.2	20.6±2.6
U-Creat (g/L)		0.74 (0.58–0.93)	0.66 (0.51–0.90)	0.95 (0.83–1.27)	0.92 (0.63–1.11)	1.65 (1.16–1.96)	1.65 (1.30–2.0)
U-Cd	μg/L	0.24 (0.17–0.30)	0.23 (0.18–0.32)	0.29 (0.24–0.37)	0.23 (0.18–0.37)	0.24 (0.19–0.32)	0.27 (0.20–0.34)
	μg/g creatinine	0.32 (0.25–0.45)	0.36 (0.28–0.47)	0.31 (0.25–0.36)	0.32 (0.25–0.36)	0.16 (0.13–0.20)	0.16 (0.13–0.22)
U-RBP	μg/L	97 (70.0–157)	110 (78.0–140)	86.0 (63.0–119)	80.0 (42.0–123)	158 (100–269)	173 (107–265)
	μg/g creatinine	143 (103–206)	163 (131–207)	88.0 (65.5–114)	89.6 (60.3–127)	113 (74.4–152)	113 (80.9–150)
U-Alb	mg/L	1.80 (1.00–3.88)	2.70 (1.30–5.55)	3.50 (2.40–6.25)	5.85 (2.80–9.40)	5.72 (2.28–17.9)	9.68 (4.73–42.9)
	m/g creatinine	2.62 (1.45–4.71)	4.09 (2.27–7.48)	3.52 (2.28–5.96)	6.77 (3.02–11.3)	3.80 (1.83–11.0)	6.21 (3.42–26.3)
Values are mean (minimum–maximum) for age, mean±SD for BMI, and median (IQR) for urinary biomarkers.