Table 2. Association between use of inhaled steroids and factors related to prognosis and severity of CAP.
| Use of inhaled steroids |
OR (95% CI) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 109) | No (n = 364) | |||
| Sex (% females) | 41 (37.6) | 148 (40.7) | 0.88 (0.57-1.37) | 0.569 |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 68.3 ± 17.1 | 56.9 ± 20.1 | 1.03 (1.02-1.05) | < 0.001 |
| Number of affected lobes > 1 | 9 (8.9) | 33 (9.6) | 0.92 (0.43-2.0) | 0.837 |
| Home oxygen therapy | 15 (14.6) | 13 (4.0) | 4.14 (1.90-9.03) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital admission in the last 5 years | 79 (72.5) | 177 (48.6) | 2.78 (1.74-4.44) | < 0.001 |
| Number hospital admissions in the last 5 years, mean ± SD | 3.6 ± 3.6 | 2.2 ± 2.8 | 1.17 (1.05-1.31) | < 0.001 |
| Previous radiologically-confirmed pneumonia | 38 (34.9) | 75 (20.6) | 2.06 (1.29-2.30) | 0.002 |
| Number of previous radiologically-confirmed CAP, mean ± SD | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 1.59 (1.26-2.07) | 0.001 |
| Oral steroids | 25 (22.9) | 10 (2.7) | 10.5 (4.87-22.8) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking habit (never smoker) | 43 (39.4) | 114 (31.3) | 1.43 (0.92-2.23) | 0.114 |
| Alcohol consumption | 3 (2.8) | 36 (9.9) | 0.26 (0.08-0.85) | 0.017 |
| CBR-65 score (moderate/high risk of death) | 28 (44.4) | 44 (23.7) | 2.58 (1.42-4.71) | 0.002 |
Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.
Data as absolute numbers and percentages in parenthesis unless otherwise stated.