(A) Effect of JNK, Jun or puc silencing on the inducible midgut mRNA expression of HPx2 and NOX5 in response to Plasmodium berghei infection. C, control mosquitoes fed on a healthy mouse (gray bars); I, infected mosquitoes fed on a P. berghei-infected mouse (red bars). Mean expression in infected midguts relative to uninfected blood-fed controls, for which the mean was adjusted to a value of “1”; The bars represent the SEM of three biological replicates from independent experiments (see Table S4). P-values determined by paired Student's-T test after log 2 transformation; **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001. (B) Effect of silencing JNK, Jun or puc on infection-inducible in vivo midgut nitration. C, control mosquitoes fed on a healthy mouse (gray bars); I, infected mosquitoes fed on a P. berghei-infected mouse (blue bars). Graphs represent one of two biological replicates (see Figure S4 and Table S5); error bars indicate SEM of four technical replicates. P-value determined by Student's t-test; **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001. (C and D) Effect of co-silencing hpx2 (C) or nox5 (D) on the phenotype of silencing the negative regulator puc. Green dots represent oocyst counts in individual midguts; horizontal red bar indicates median infection intensity. P-values were determined by Mann-Whitney test; ns, not significant. Graphs represent data from three biological replicates with comparable medians in their dsLacZ-injected groups. n = total number of midguts examined.