Table 3. Multivariable associations of selected ecological and adjustment variables with hookworm infection status*.
| All sites† | Kyela site | Itaka site | Moderated model‡ | |||||||||
| N = 6,372 | N = 931 | N = 846 | N = 1,777 | |||||||||
| Variables | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p |
| Mean annual EVI [per 0.1 units] | 0.11 | 0.06–0.18 | <0.001 | 2.10 | 0.84–5.26 | 0.114 | 0.21 | 0.02–1.74 | 0.147 | 0.21 | 0.03–1.73 | 0.147 |
| Mean annual LST-day [per 1°C] | 0.81 | 0.75–0.88 | <0.001 | 1.38 | 1.10–1.73 | 0.005 | 1.19 | 0.61–2.33 | 0.611 | 1.18 | 0.61–2.28 | 0.633 |
| Mean annual LST-night [per 1°C] | 1.54 | 1.44–1.64 | <0.001 | 0.57 | 0.15–2.16 | 0.408 | 1.56 | 1.11–2.19 | 0.010 | 1.54 | 1.10–2.16 | 0.012 |
| Population density [per 1,000 persons/km2] | 0.68 | 0.63–0.73 | <0.001 | 1.08 | 0.78–1.50 | 0.627 | 0.08 | 0.01–0.51 | 0.008 | 0.08 | 0.01–0.53 | 0.008 |
| Age [per 10 years] | 1.10 | 1.06–1.14 | <0.001 | 1.12 | 1.04–1.20 | 0.002 | 1.16 | 1.06–1.28 | 0.001 | 1.14 | 1.07–1.20 | 0.000 |
| SES score [per 1 unit] | 0.82 | 0.73–0.93 | 0.002 | 0.68 | 0.50–0.93 | 0.015 | 0.79 | 0.58–1.09 | 0.158 | 0.79 | 0.57–1.08 | 0.143 |
| Anthelmintic treatment [0 = n/1 = y]§ | 0.45 | 0.30–0.69 | <0.001 | 0.73 | 0.36–1.46 | 0.376 | 0.42 | 0.18–0.97 | 0.042 | 0.52 | 0.29–0.94 | 0.030 |
| Latrine coverage [per 1%] | 1.02 | 1.01–1.04 | 0.002 | 0.99 | 0.96–1.02 | 0.484 | 0.94 | 0.89–0.99 | 0.022 | 0.94 | 0.89–0.99 | 0.022 |
| Site [0 = Itaka/1 = Kyela] | 3.26 | 0.04–243 | 0.592 | |||||||||
| EVI* Site | 9.82 | 0.98–98.5 | 0.052 | |||||||||
| LST-day* Site | 1.17 | 0.58–2.36 | 0.655 | |||||||||
| LST-night* Site | 0.35 | 0.09–1.41 | 0.140 | |||||||||
| Population density* Site | 12.79 | 1.97–83.2 | 0.008 | |||||||||
| SES score* Site | 0.87 | 0.56–1.36 | 0.542 | |||||||||
| Latrine coverage* Site | 1.05 | 0.99–1.12 | 0.086 | |||||||||
CI = confidence interval; EVI = enhanced vegetation index; LST = land surface temperature; OR = odds ratio; SES = socio-economic status.
*
Results of logistic regression adjusted for within-household clustering with robust variance estimates with each model containing only those variables for which data are shown in the Table.
†
Performed on pooled dataset combining all nine sites.
‡
Moderated model for Kyela and Itaka sites with site-interaction terms for environmental variables.
§
Missing stratum not shown.