Table 2.
Literature review regarding functional outcome in patients who underwent supramalleolar osteotomies
| Study | LOE | Patients | Follow-up (years) | Surgical technique | Pain relief | Functional outcome | ROM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheng et al. (2001) [59] | IV | 18 (18 ankles) | 4.0 (2.1–6.8) | Medial opening wedge OT with oblique OT of the fibula (18) | 24.4 → 47.5a | 25.2 → 41.0b | n.a. |
| Harstall et al. (2007) [60] | IV | 9 (9 ankles) | 4.7 (1.3–7.3) | Lateral closing wedge OT (9) | 16 ± 8.8 → 30 ± 7.1c | 48 ± 16.0 → 74 ± 11.7d | n.a. |
| Hintermann et al. (2011) [47] | IV | 48 (48 ankles) | 7.1 (2–15) | Medial closing wedge OT (45), lateral opening wedge OT (3) | 41 patients pain-free, 6 patients VAS 2.1 | 48 → 86d | 41.2° → 40.1° |
| Knupp et al. (2011) [6] | II | 92 (94 ankles) | 3.6 (1.0–10.5) | Medial closing wedge OT (61), lateral closing wedge OT or medial opening wedge OT (33) | 4.6 ± 1.9 → 2.8 ± 2.3e | 55.6 ± 17.2 → 72.8 ± 18.9d | n.a. |
| Knupp et al. (2012) [42] | IV | 14 (14 ankles) | 4.2 (2.0–8.2) | Medial closing wedge OT (14) | 4.1 ± 1.7 → 2.2 ± 1.5e | 51.6 ± 12.3 → 77.8 ± 11.8d | 25 ± 12° → 29 ± 9° |
| Lee et al. (2011) [70] | IV | 16 (16 ankles) | 2.3 (1.0–6.5) | Medial opening wedge OT with oblique OT of the fibula (16) | n.a. | 62.3 ± 8.9 → 82.1 ± 11.4d | n.a. |
| Pagenstert et al. (2008) [56] | II | 35 (35 ankles) | 5.0 (3.0–10.5) | n.a. | 7.0 ± 1.6 → 2.7 ± 1.6e | 38.5 ± 17.2 → 85.4 ± 12.4d | 32.8 ± 14.0° → 37.7 ± 9.4° |
| Stamatis et al. (2003) [67] | IV | 12 (13 ankles) | 2.8 (1.0–4.9) | Medial closing wedge OT (7), medial opening wedge OT (6) | 14.6 ± 10.5 → 32.3 ± 5.9c | 53.8 ± 19.3 → 87.0 ± 10.1d | n.a. |
| Takakura et al. (1995) [68] | IV | 18 (18 ankles) | 6.9 (2.7–12.1) | Medial opening wedge OT (18) | 16.4 ± 4.6 → 34.6 ± 5.3f | 39.3 ± 4.1 → 48.4 ± 3.9g | n.a. |
| Takakura et al. (1998) [69] | IV | 9 (9 ankles) | 7.3 (2.3–13.2) | Medial opening wedge OT (9) | 20.0 ± 7.1 → 34.4 ± 5.3f | 48.9 ± 15.3 → 52.8 ± 12.0g | 62.9 ± 9.6° → 54.5 ± 9.8° |
LOE level of evidence, n.a. not available, OT osteotomy, ROM range of motion
aUsing 50-point pain scale
bUsing 50-point functional scale: functional outcome (40), ROM (10)
cUsing American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) pain subscale
dUsing AOFAS hindfoot score
eUsing visual analogue scale (VAS)
fUsing 40-point pain scale
gUsing 60-point functional scale: walking (20), activities of daily living (20), ROM (20)