Table 2. Experimental results.
| Study | Exclusions from analysis (prog: control) | Death (prog: control) | Lesion volume timing (hour) | Total lesion animals (prog: control) | Total lesion volume (prog: control) | Measure of lesion | Quality/9 | Comments for progesterone and study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Responders with IAD | ||||||||
| Toung et al27 | 5 (4:1) | 5 (4:1) | 24 | 20 (10:10) | 18.61 (13.45): 24.06 (13.31) | % | 3 | Combined hormone reduced infarct volume and progesterone does not attenuate estrogen effect. |
| Toung et al27 (Prog+Est) | 2 (1:1) | 2 (1:1) | 20 (10:10) | 7.59 (5.69): 8.92 (9.15) | % | |||
| Parker et al30 | 0 | 0 | 23.5 | 24 (16:8) | 49.77 (12.9): 53.46 (18.68) | % | 4 | Chronic, exogenous progesterone before MCAO alters ischemic brain injury in ovariectomized female mice |
| Murphy et al8 | 28 (15:13) | 2 | 24 | 61 (39:22) | 17.85 (10.78): 18.9 (14.37) | % | 5 | Progesterone both before MCAO and during reperfusion decreases ischemic brain injury |
| Murphy, 2002 (unpub) | 0 | 0 | None | None | None | NA | 3 | Progesterone plasma concentration measured and data used for death analysis |
| Murphy et al21 | 29 (19:10) | 11 | 24 | 56 (42:14) | 13.32 (8.26): 8.42 (8.09) | % | 5 | Progesterone does not ameliorate histologic injury after MCAO in previously ovariectimised adult female rats. Chronic progesterone administration can exacerbate infarction in subcortical regions |
| Gibson et al5 | 4 | 4 | 24, 48 | 20 (10:10) | 13.97 (5.21): 18.64 (5.9) | mm3 | 7 | Beneficial effects of progesterone after cerebral ischemia |
| Gibson et al9 | 6 | 4 (2:2) | 48 | 24 (12:12) | 82.5 (12.58): 90.87 (15.88) | mm3 | 5 | Progesterone is neuroprotective in both permanent and transient ischemia and effect is related to suppression of the inflammatory response |
| Sayeed et al52 | 9 | 2 | 72 | 13 (6:7) | 15.96 (3.6): 24.38 (6.69) | % | 4 | Progesterone is effective at reducing infarct pathology |
| Sayeed et al10 | 3 | 1 | 72 | 15 (7:8) | 13.81 (5.68): 27.8 (6.27) | % | 5 | Progesterone is neuroprotective |
| Sayeed and colleagues12 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 16 (8:8) | 9.32 (2.29): 20.12 (2.91) | % | 4 | Progesterone is neuroprotective |
| Coomber et al33 | 9 | 4(3:1) | 48 | 13 (6:7) | 20.62 (9.22): 23.41 (10.18) | mm3 | 5 | No effect |
| Gibson et al34 | 10 | 8 (5:3) | 48 | 27 (13:14) | 21.59 (7.42): 24.67 (5.68) | mm3 | 7 | Progesterone is not beneficial in ovariectomized mice but is in aged female mice for lesion volume |
| Wong, 2012 (unpub) | 32 | 29(14:15) | none | none | none | n/a | 3 | Progesterone plasma concentration measured and data used for death analysis |
| Nonresponders/no IAD | ||||||||
| Jiang et al6 | — | — | 48 | 36 (24:12) | 24.43 (10.39): 35.1 (15.59) | % | 5 | Progesterone administered before or after MCAO reduces ischemic cell damage and improves physiologic and neurologic function 2 days after stroke. |
| Chen and Chopp13 | — | — | 7 days post MCAO | 28 (7:7,7,7) | 26.57 (11.67): 34.4 (10.5) | % | 5 | 8 mg/kg of progesterone reduce brain lesion and improved neurologic functional deficit |
| Ishrat et al12 | — | — | 72 | 16 (8:8) | 9.24 (2.96): 20.11 (3.1) | % | 3 | Progesterone treated have reduced infarct volume and improved ability to stay on rotarod and grip test |
| Kumon et al7 | — | — | 2 or 7 days after MCAO | 48 (32:16) | 31.15 (14.13): 41.2 (10.4) | mm3 | 7 | Treatment with high dose of 8 mg/kg of progesterone results in reduction of lesion size, neurologic deficits and body weight |
| Choi et al28 | — | — | 24 | 11 (5:6) | 210 (67.6): 231.4 (154.07) | mm3 | 2 | No effect |
| Liu et al29 | — | — | 48 | 64 (32:32) | 43.25 (22.75): 52.25 (17.96) | mm3 | 5 | Progesterone was neuroprotective in wild-type mice |
Abbreviations: IAD, individual animal data; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; NA, not appropriate; unpub, unpublished.
Exclusion from Analysis: total number (progesterone: control), death: total number (progesterone: control), total lesion volume: mean (s.d.). Exclusions refer to animals excluded from analysis in manuscripts and include animal deaths. Death refers to animals that died for whatever reason, whether they were treated or not. Lesion volume was reported in mm3, % cross-sectional area, or % of intact contralateral hemisphere.