Table 1.
Patients characteristics and univariable survival after CABG (N = 4,801).
| Characteristic | No COPD n (%) | COPD |
Univariable HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black n (%) | White n (%) | |||
| Overall | 3,817 (80) | 182 (4) | 802 (16) | 2.1 (1.8–2.4)§ |
| Age (years) | ||||
| Q1 (≤56) | 987 (26) | 53 (29) | 178 (22) | 1.0 Referent |
| Q2 (>56–64) | 995 (26) | 43 (24) | 223 (28) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) |
| Q3 (>64–72) | 998 (26) | 46 (25) | 218 (27) | 2.3 (1.9–2.9) |
| Q4 (>72) | 837 (22) | 40 (22) | 183 (23) | 3.9 (3.2–4.9) |
| Mean ± SD, median (range) | 64 ± 10, 64 (26–90) | 63 ± 10, 63 (33–85) | 64 ± 10, 65 (31–89) | PTrend < 0.0001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 2,723 (71) | 117 (64) | 595 (74) | 1.0 Referent |
| Female | 1,094 (29) | 65 (36) | 207 (26)† | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 2,967 (78) | – | – | 1.0 Referent |
| Black | 850 (22) | – | – | 1.2 (1.03–1.4) |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | ||||
| Obese (≥30) | 1,716 (45) | 78 (43) | 314 (39) | 1.0 Referent |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 1,461 (38) | 64 (35) | 268 (33) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 622 (16) | 34 (19) | 204 (25) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 18 (<1%) | 6 (3) | 16 (2)†† | 2.5 (1.4–4.4) |
| Mean ± SD, median (range) | 30 ± 5.7, 29 (13–66) | 29 ± 6.3, 29 (17–53) | 29 ± 6.0, 28 (15–51)†† | PTrend < 0.0001 |
| Status | ||||
| Elective | 1,908 (50) | 73 (40) | 351 (44) | 1.0 Referent |
| Non-elective | 1,908 (50) | 109 (60) | 451 (56)†† | 1.2 (1.04–1.4) |
| CAD severity | ||||
| 1 Vessel | 268 (7) | 10 (5) | 41 (5) | 1.0 Referent |
| 2 Vessel | 971 (25) | 41 (23) | 218 (27) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) |
| 3 Vessel | 2,578 (68) | 131 (72) | 543 (68) | 1.9 (1.4–2.8) |
| PTrend < 0.0001 | ||||
| Left main disease | ||||
| No | 2,870 (75) | 127 (70) | 555 (69) | 1.0 Referent |
| Yes | 947 (25) | 55 (30) | 247 (31)†† | 1.1 (0.93–1.3) |
| Recent smoker | ||||
| No | 2834 (74) | 85 (47) | 362 (45) | 1.0 Referent |
| Yes | 983 (26) | 97 (53) | 440 (55)†† | 0.98 (0.85–1.1) |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 680 (18) | 16 (9) | 122 (15) | 1.0 Referent |
| Yes | 3,137 (82) | 166 (91) | 680 (85)†† | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 2,309 (60) | 94 (52) | 490 (61) | 1.0 Referent |
| Yes | 1,508 (40) | 88 (48) | 312 (39) | 1.4 (1.3–1.7) |
| Congestive heart failure | ||||
| No | 2,927 (77) | 107 (59) | 532 (66) | 1.0 Referent |
| Yes | 890 (23) | 75 (41) | 270 (34)†† | 2.1 (1.9–2.5) |
| Renal failure | ||||
| No | 3,744 (98) | 175 (96) | 771 (96) | 1.0 Referent |
| Yes | 73 (2) | 7 (4) | 31 (4)†† | 4.2 (3.2–5.6) |
| Dialysis | ||||
| No | 3,730 (98) | 165 (91) | 793 (99) | 1.0 Referent |
| Yes | 87 (2) | 17 (9) | 9 (1)†† | 4.9 (3.7–6.4) |
| Peripheral arterial disease | ||||
| No | 3,320 (87) | 136 (75) | 590 (74) | 1.0 Referent |
| Yes | 497 (13) | 46 (25) | 212 (26)†† | 2.1 (1.8–2.5) |
| Prior MI | ||||
| No | 2,007 (53) | 77 (42) | 367 (46) | 1.0 Referent |
| Yes | 1,810 (47) | 105 (58) | 435 (54)†† | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) |
| Prior stroke | ||||
| No | 3,509 (92) | 157 (86) | 719 (90) | 1.0 Referent |
| Yes | 308 (8) | 25 (14) | 83 (10)†† | 1.8 (1.5–2.3) |
| Prior PCI | ||||
| No | 2,876 (75) | 135 (74) | 619 (77) | 1.0 Referent |
| Yes | 941 (25) | 47 (26) | 183 (23) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) |
†p < 0.05; ††p < 0.01; χ2 (Categorical variables), Kruskal–Wallis Test (Continuous variables). *Missing category not shown. §COPD vs. no COPD. BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; Q1, quartile 1; Q2, quartile 2; Q3, quartile 3; Q4, quartile 4.