Table 3. Statistics of population diversity and estimates for population size change for the 9 species.

	Hpa	Hla	Lruba	Lrufa	Mma	Nra	Nga	Noa	Hsa
mtDNA
n	166	36	66	128	13	81	77	46	103
S	57	29	18	24	10	28	23	23	15
π	0.00266	0.00226	0.00145	0.00118	0.00221	0.00481	0.00271	0.00263	0.00236
θW	0.01165	0.00823	0.00430	0.00504	0.00367	0.00642	0.00533	0.00595	0.00328
Tajima’s D	–2.412**	–2.504***	–2.071*	–2.317**	–1.834*	–0.862ns	–1.640ns	–1.903*	–0.905ns
θ0 b	0.353	0.005	0.030	0.000	0.000	0.005	0.012	0.000	0.000
θ1 b	17.412	∞	7.437	10.833	∞	7.668	∞	∞	6.455
T 0 ( = 2ut)	3.342	2.199	1.535	0.719	2.295	6.207	2.277	2.250	3.840
time (years)c	82279	54139	37791	17702	56502	152814	56059	55394	94539
goodness of fitd	0.889	0.633	0.997	0.137	0.453	00.489	0.014	0.546	0.067
microsatellite
n	289	89	61	112	13	81	77	46	103
heterozygosity	0.750	0.745	0.731	0.779	0.744	0.741	0.729	0.768	0.697

^aHp, H. (Y.) pyrrhocephalus: Hl, H. (Y.) laparogramma: Lrub, L. rubripinnis: Lruf, L. rufus: Mm, M. mbipi: Nr, N. rufocaudalis: Ng, N. greenwoodi: No, N. omnicaeruleus: Hs, H. (P.) sauvagei

^bParameters of the model by Schneider and Excoffier (1999).

^c u = 2.3×10–8 per year per base pair was assumed.

^dResults of goodness of fit for the predicted expansion model.

^*significant at 5%,

^**significant at 1%.

^***significant at 0.1%.