Table 2.

Summary of meta-analyses of culturally adapted mental health treatments

Study	Number of studies	Type of interventions included		Type of study populations		Effect sizesa				Significant moderators
		Prevention	Treatment	Children/Youth	Adult	Culturally adapted vs. heterogeneous controlsb		Culturally adapted vs. un-adapted psychotherapyc
						D	95% CI	d	95% CI
Benish et al. [18]	59		X	X	X	0.41*	0.38, 0.48	0.32*	0.21, 0.43	• Adaptation to client’s explanatory models
						0.33**	0.13, 0.29	0.21**	0.13, 0.26
Huey et al. [19]	25		X	X		0.44**	0.32, 0.56			• Type of comparison group with largest effect sizes for no treatment control and placebo versus treatment as usual
Griner et al. [20]	76	X	X	X	X	0.45d, **	0.36, 0.53			• Age: Older participants had higher effect sizes than younger participants
						0.40e, **	0.30, 0.49			• Hispanic ethnicity: Higher percentage of Hispanic participants had higher effect sizes than studies with lower percentage of Hispanic participants
										• Racially homogenous samples: Studies with racially homogenous samples had higher effect sizes than studies with racially heterogeneous samples
										• Language: Studies that reported language match had higher effect sizes than studies that did not report language match
										• Acculturation: Adaptation seem to benefit most low acculturated Hispanics compared to Hispanics with moderate levels of acculturation
Smith et al. [21]	65		X	X	X	0.46**	0.36, 0.56a			• Treatment delivered to specific cultural groups were more effective than those delivered to mixed racial/ethnic groups
										• Adapting therapeutic goals to match client’s goals
										• Using metaphors/symbols in therapy to match client’s cultural world views

Note: ^aAll effect sizes reported in the studies reviewed were computed so that positive values indicate greater benefit for culturally adapted treatment over their comparison group; ^bIn these comparisons, culturally adapted treatments are compared to heterogeneous controls conditions that include other un-adapted treatment, usual care, waitlist conditions, and attention control; ^cIn these comparisons, specific culturally adapted psychotherapies are compared to the same un-adapted psychotherapy; ^deffect sizes for all studies included in this meta-analysis; ^eeffect size for studies that only compared culturally adapted interventions to an ‘alternative intervention.’ *Primary measures; **All measures.