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Wall stresses. (a) Wall shear stress calculated at r = rv and an axial distance of z = 3 μm (case 1), z = 11 μm (case 2), z = 13 μm (case 3), and z = 9 μm (case 4). (b) The circumferential stress for case 1, case 2, case 3, and case 4 at r = rv and z = 0.
