Table 4.
Effect of using YEFECAP as a protein source in ruminants on DMI, digestibility, rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, ruminal microorganisms, and milk production in various studies
| Animal | DMI | Dig. | TVFA | C2 | C3 | C2:C3 | Bact | Prot | Fung | MSP |
Milk |
Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yield | Fat | Protein | ||||||||||||
| Lactating dairy cows |
↑ |
↑ |
↑ |
nc |
↑ |
↓ |
↑ |
nc |
↑ |
nd |
↑ |
↑ |
↑ |
[27] |
| Dairy steers |
↑ |
↑ |
↑ |
↓ |
↑ |
↓ |
↑ |
↓ |
↑ |
↑ |
nd |
nd |
nd |
[37] |
| Lactating dairy cows | ns | ↑ | ↑ | nc | ↑ | nd | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | nd | nc | ↑ | ↑ | [38] |
Abbreviations: DMI dry matter intake, TVFA total volatile fatty acid, C2 acetate, C3 propionate, C2:C3 proportion of acetate to propionate, MPS microbial protein synthesis, increase (↑), decrease (↓) from control group, nd not determined, nc no change.