Table 6.
Effect of mangosteen peel supplementation on rumen volatile fatty acid production in ruminants using in vitro and in vivo studies
| Substrate | Level | Species | TVFA | C2 | C3 | C4 | C2/C3 | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
In vitro |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| MP |
200 mg |
Steer |
+ |
+ |
+ |
─ |
─ |
[52] |
|
In vivo |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| MP |
100 g/hd/d |
Beef cattle |
+ |
─ |
─ |
─ |
─ |
[52] |
| MP |
200 g/hd/d |
Dairy cows |
+ |
─ |
+ |
+ |
─ |
[53] |
| MP |
100 g/hd/d |
Native cattle |
+ |
─ |
+ |
─ |
─ |
[51] |
| MP |
30 g/kg |
Buffalo |
+ |
─ |
+ |
─ |
─ |
[54] |
| MPP |
200 g/hd/d |
Beef cattle |
+ |
─ |
+ |
─ |
─ |
[22] |
| MPP |
300 g/hd/d |
Dairy cow |
+ |
─ |
+ |
─ |
─ |
[20] |
| Combination |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CO + MP |
50 + 30 g/kg |
Buffalo |
─ |
─ |
+ |
─ |
─ |
[54] |
| MP + GP |
9 + 1% |
Beef cattle |
+ |
+ |
+ |
─ |
─ |
[22] |
| MP + GP pellet | 200 g/hd/d | Beef cattle | + | ─ | + | ─ | ─ | [22] |
Abbreviations: GP garlic powder, MP mangosteen peel powder, MPP mangosteen peel pellet, CO coconut oil, + increased, ─ decreased.