Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the Swedish ENABLE-AGE sample (n = 397a)
| Characteristics | % | n | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Women |
75 |
296 |
|
| Type of housing |
|
|
|
| Multi-dwelling block |
83.1 |
330 |
|
| One-family house |
14.4 |
57 |
|
| Semidetached/two family house |
2.5 |
10 |
|
| Type of area |
|
|
|
| Urban |
83.4 |
331 |
|
| Semi-urban |
13.6 |
54 |
|
| Rural |
3.0 |
12 |
|
| Reliance on walking aid |
41.3 |
164 |
|
| Functional limitations |
|
|
|
| Difficulty in interpreting information |
2.5 |
10 |
|
| Severe loss of sight |
15.1 |
60 |
|
| Complete loss of sight |
2.3 |
9 |
|
| Severe loss of hearing |
20.7 |
82 |
|
| Prevalence of poor balance |
42.3 |
168 |
|
| Incoordination |
3.8 |
15 |
|
| Limitations of stamina |
42.1 |
167 |
|
| Difficulty in moving head |
14.4 |
57 |
|
| Difficulty in reaching with arms |
28.0 |
111 |
|
| Difficulty in handling and fingering |
22.9 |
91 |
|
| Loss of upper extremity skills |
3.8 |
15 |
|
| Difficulty in bending and kneeling |
64.2 |
255 |
|
| |
Mean |
SD |
Range |
| Number of functional limitations |
1.7 |
1.4 |
0-5 |
| MMSE, four item sum |
3.4 |
0.8 |
0-4 |
| GDS, score |
3.0 |
2.3 |
0-13 |
| Age, years |
84.6 |
3.0 |
80-89 |
| Education, years |
8.8 |
2.2 |
6-15 |
| Monthly income, Euros | 1014.7 | 410.5 | 300-3250 |
SD Standard Deviation.
MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, four item version.
GDS Geriatric Depression Scale.
aFour participants were excluded from the mortality analyses. Since they did not provide their social security numbers at baseline, mortality data could not be retrieved, leaving us with N = 393 for the mortality analyses.
Note: Number of environmental barriers assessed with the Housing Enabler instrument [24].